UPSC MAINS 2023 HISTORY OPTIONAL PAPER 1

SECTION ‘A’

1 . Identify the following places marked on the map supplied to you and write a short note of about 30 words on each of them in your Question-cum-Answer Booklet. Locational hints for each of the places marked on the map are given below seriatim: 50 Marks

(i) Neolithic site

(ii) Site of Mother and Child Terracotta Figure

(iii) Hoard of Gupta Coin

(iv) Site of Botanical remains

(v) Harappan site with mud–brick platform

(vi) Mauryan reservoir site

(vii) Capital of Maitraka dynasty

(viii) Dockyard

(ix) Rock shelter

(x) Stone axe factory

(xi) Satavahana inscription site

(xii) Minor rock inscription of Ashoka

(xiii) Buddhist Stupa

(xiv) Mesolithic site

(xv) Iron smelting workshop

(xvi) Megalithic site

(xvii) Temple site dedicated to Surya

(xviii) Roman factory site

(xix) Site of Muvar Koil (Temple of Three)

(xx) Megalith stone site

2 . Answer the following questions:

a) “The Neolithic Age represents a revolution due to significant changes that took place during this period .Examine. 20 Marks

b) The Indus-Saraswati cultural zone exhibited both homogeneity and diversity. Discuss. 15 Marks

c) How do the comparative study of languages, archaeological sources and vast corpus of Vedic literature helps to determine the Aryan problem in Indian history. Discuss. 15 Marks

3 . Answer the following questions:

a) How far the Sangam literature acts as a window into the social and cultural traditions of ancient South India? 20 Marks

b) Analyze the contours of imperial ideology as exhibited during the Mauryan period. 15 Marks

c) Evaluate the status of women in the Gupta period as compared to the pre–Gupta era. 15 Marks

4 . Answer the following questions:

a) Analyze the tenets, spread and impact of the Bhakti Movement. 20 Marks

b) How far temple architecture under the Cholas became more refined and grandiose as compared to the early South Indian temple architect are style? 15 Marks

c) Is it correct to say that the post-Gupta period was remarkable for expansion of religious cults in India? 15 Marks

SECTION ‘B’

5 . Answer the following questions in about 150 words each:

a) Discuss the various proponents of Indian feudalism. 10 Marks

b) Examine the defects in Alberuni’s assessment of Indian society. 10 Marks

c) Discuss the importance of Sufi literature as an important source of history. 10 Marks

d) What factors do you attribute for the decline of the Delhi Sultanate? 10 Marks

e) The motive of Alauddin Khilji’s agrarian policy was to curb the powers of the intermediaries. Examine the measures which he adopted to achieve his objective. 10 Marks

6 . Answer the following questions:

a) Discuss the role of Nur Jahan in the Mughal court politics during the reign of Jahangir. 20 Marks

b) Why did Balban prefer ‘consolidation over ‘expansion’ of the Delhi Sultanate? 15 Marks

c) What features of European paintings were incorporated in the Mughal Miniature painting? 15 Marks

7 . Answer the following questions:

a) The Marathas posed a significant threat to the integrity of the Mughal Empire. Discuss. 20 Marks

b) “Haidar Ali was born to build an empire, and Tipu Sultan to lose one.”Comment. 15 Marks

c) Analyze the rise of the Sikhs under Ranjit Singh. 15 Marks

8 . Answer the following questions:
a) Mughal architecture was syncretic in character. Comment. 20 Marks

b) The economy of India was not stagnant in the eighteenth century. Discuss. 15 Marks

c) Discuss the nature of the Mughal State under Akbar. 15 Marks

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