QUES . Trace and account for the various trends of population growth in the world during the present century.
HINTS:
Population growth trends in the world during the present century (the 21st century) have been influenced by a variety of factors, including fertility rates, mortality rates, migration patterns, and socio-economic changes.
Trends of population growth in the world during the present century
Overall Population Growth:
The world’s population continues to grow, albeit at a slower rate compared to previous centuries. At present the global population is estimated to be around 8.08 billion people. The UN Department of Economics and Social Affairs projects between 9 and 10 billion people by 2050.
Declining Fertility Rates:
One of the significant trends has been the decline in fertility rates in many parts of the world, particularly in developed countries. Global fertility has declined from an average of 5 births per woman in 1950 to 2.3 births per woman in 2021. Factors such as increased access to family planning, education, and women’s empowerment have contributed to lower birth rates.
Population Aging:
Many countries are experiencing population aging as life expectancy increases and fertility rates decline. This demographic shift has implications for healthcare, social services, and the labor force. Since 1950, global average lifespans have increased by almost 28 years (from 45.51 to 73.16 in 2023).
Regional Variations:
Population growth rates vary significantly by region. Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, has some of the highest population growth rates due to higher fertility rates, while some European countries have population decline or stagnation due to low birth rates and aging populations.
Urbanization:
The world is becoming increasingly urbanized. More people are moving from rural areas to cities in search of better economic opportunities. Urban areas tend to have higher population growth rates compared to rural areas.
The share of urban population was projected to have increased to 56.9 per cent in 2022. It is generally higher in the developed (79.7 per cent in 2022) than in the developing world (52.3 per cent). In LDCs, the people living in urban areas are in the minority (35.8 per cent).
Migration Patterns:
Migration continues to impact population growth trends. Some countries experience significant population growth due to immigration, while others see outmigration, particularly among younger populations.
Socio-economic Factors:
Socio-economic development plays a role in shaping population growth. Countries with higher income levels and better healthcare tend to have lower birth and mortality rates, contributing to slower population growth.
Environmental Factors:
Environmental factors, such as access to clean water, food security, and climate change, can influence population growth trends. Disruptions in these areas can impact population dynamics.
Policy Interventions:
Government policies, such as family planning programs and incentives for smaller families, can influence fertility rates and population growth. China’s one-child policy, for example, had a significant impact on its population growth.
Global Challenges:
Global challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can have short-term impacts on population growth due to changes in mortality rates and disruptions in healthcare systems.
It’s important to note that population growth trends are dynamic and subject to change based on various factors. Additionally, these trends can have profound implications for economies, healthcare systems, infrastructure, and environmental sustainability. Monitoring and understanding these trends are critical for policymakers and researchers to address the challenges and opportunities associated with population growth in the 21st century.