QUES . Discuss the relevance of Integrated Nutrient Management in sustainable agriculture. Describe various types of biofertilizers.
HINTS:
Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is a sustainable approach to agriculture that aims to optimize the use of nutrients by integrating different sources of nutrients, including organic and inorganic fertilizers, to increase productivity while minimizing environmental impact.
INM is based on the principle of balancing plant nutrient requirements with nutrient availability in the soil. INM also promotes the use of natural resources like biofertilizers, which can help to improve soil fertility and plant growth.
Biofertilizers are natural fertilizers that contain live microorganisms that enhance soil fertility and plant growth. They are important components of INM as they contribute to soil health, reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers, and promote sustainable agriculture.
Biofertilizers commonly used in agriculture
Rhizobium: Rhizobium is a soil bacterium that forms a symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants. The bacteria infect the root nodules of these plants and fix atmospheric nitrogen, which is then made available to the plant.
Azotobacter: Azotobacter is a free-living bacterium that fixes atmospheric nitrogen and converts it into ammonia, which is available to plants.
Azospirillum: Azospirillum is a bacterium that colonizes the roots of many plants, including grasses, cereals, and vegetables. It can fix atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, and produce plant growth-promoting substances.
Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB): PSB is bacteria that solubilize insoluble phosphorus in the soil and make it available to plants. They can improve plant growth and increase crop yield.
Mycorrhizae: Mycorrhizae are fungi that form a symbiotic relationship with plant roots. They help in the absorption of nutrients, especially phosphorus, and increase plant growth and yield.
In summary, Integrated Nutrient Management and the use of biofertilizers are essential components of sustainable agriculture. By using these techniques, farmers can improve soil health, reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers, increase crop yield, and promote long-term sustainability in agriculture.
