QUES . The third battle of Panipat was fought in 1761. Why were so many empire-shaking battles fought at Panipat? UPSC 2014 G S MAINS PAPER 1

HINTS:

Panipat and its adjacent region, located in present Haryana on the banks of the Yamuna and between the fertile plains of the Ganga and Indus river have witnessed several battles. These battles changed the course of Indian history at different points of time.

Why Panipat was a favourite battle field?

Panipat had a strategic location. One of the parties of the war generally came from the north or northwest through the Khyber Pass to get hold over Delhi, the political capital of northern India. To move a military through rough terrains- deserts of Rajasthan or the other northern areas infested with dense forests – was very risky and difficult. On the other hand, the rulers at Delhi considered Panipat as a strategic ground and hence they preferred to take the fight there.

It’s proximity to Delhi made it easier for the Indian rulers to transport weapons, military and food supplies etc to the battleground and still keep the capital insulated from the conflict at hand.

Panipat’s surrounding region has a flat ground which was suitable for cavalry movement – the main mode of warfare at that time.

After the construction of the Grand Trunk Road by Sher Shah Suri, Panipat was on this route. It became easier for conquerors to find there way there.

The duration of monsoon rainfall in the region is short in comparison to other areas making it easier to fight.

The artisans or smiths of these regions were experts in making warfare related materials and hence it became easier for forces of both parties to replenish their war materials.

Throughout history, Panipat saw multiple battles that shaped the course of India’s history. Its strategic location and natural terrain made it a key player in the defence of the region and the ultimate control of North India.