(b) Statement 3 is not correct Why in news? Recently, State of Global Water Resources 2022 report was released by WMO. The report offers an overview of water resources worldwide. Key Highlights: ■ Over 50% of global catchments and reservoirs showed deviations, mostly drier than usual. ■ Anomalies in soil moisture and evapotranspiration also matched the deviations noted in river discharge conditions. ■ From 2000 to 2018, total glacier mass in Asian Water Tower region decreased by approximately 4.3%. ■ Asian Water Tower includes Tibetan Plateau, Himalayas, Karakorum, Hindu Kush, the Pamirs, and Tien Shan Mountains – collectively called the Third Pole. ■During 1980–2018, annual river run-off across most of AWT showed a significant increase in river such as the upper Indus.

(c) Why in news? Recently, UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) released “2023 Global Survey Report on Persons with Disabilities and Disasters”. Survey aimed to understand the progress made in disability inclusion in DRR. It shows limited progress in disability inclusion over past 10 years, with no significant differences across the regions. It was released ahead of International Day for DRR (observed on October 13 every year). Its theme “Fighting inequality for a resilient future” is aligned with Sendai Framework. ■ Key findings of 2023 Global Survey Report on Persons with Disabilities and Disasters: 84% of PwDs reported do not have a personal preparedness plan for disasters. This was less than in 2013 survey. Even with sufficient advance warning, 17% PwDs face a lot of difficulties in evacuating. 86% PwDs reported no participation in community level DRR decision-making and planning. ■ Sendai Framework for DRR 2015–2030 was first of the major 2015 development frameworks. ■ UNDRR (HQ: Geneva, Switzerland) was established in 1999 to support the implementation of Sendai Framework.

(d) Why in news? Recently, notification was issued for Green Credit Program (GCP) and Ecomark scheme under LiFE Initiative to Promote Sustainable Lifestyle and Environmental Conservation. ■ Sectors identified for Green Credit Program: 1 . Tree Plantation 2 . Water Conservation 3 . Sustainable Agriculture 4 . Water Management 5 . Air Pollution Reduction 6 . Mangrove Conservation and Reduction 7 . Ecomark label development 8 . Sustainable building and infrastructure

(b) Statement 1 is not correct. Recently, Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) approved India’s first Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy to treat blood cancer. ■ CAR T cell therapy is a type of cellular immunotherapy treatment that uses T cells that are genetically altered in a lab to enable them in locating in destroying cancer cells more effectively. ■ T cells are immune cells that attack infection causing pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites) and harmful cells, like cancer cells. ■ Significance of CAR-T Cell Therapy 1 . Short treatment time needed because aggressive chemotherapy is not used. 2 . Prolonged durability, since T cells can persist in body for long-term, they may recognize and attack cancer cells. ■ CDSCO (under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare) is the Central Drug Authority for discharging functions assigned to Central Government under Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940.

(a) Statement 2 and Statement 3 are not correct. Recently, Tamil Nadu government launched Project Nilgiri Tahr. The project aims to restore the original habitat, address proximate threats, and increase public awareness of species. ■ Nilgiri tahr is the only mountain ungulate (animal with hooves) in southern India amongst the 12 species present in India. ■ It is the state animal of Tamil Nadu. ■ Endemic: Western Ghats and locally known as Varaiaadu. ■ Two epics – Silappathikaram and Sivakasindamani – mention descriptions of the Nilgiri Tahr. ■ Conservation Status: IUCN Status- Endangered and Wildlife (Protection) Act of India, 1972- Schedule 1