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# FOTIS EDU

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## Posts

- [Preamble Represents the Foundational Philosophy of the Republic](https://fotisedu.com/preamble-represents-the-foundational-philosophy-of-the-republic/) - QUES. The Preamble of the Constitution of India is not just the declaration of its ideals, but it represents the foundational philosophy of the Republic. Examine the statement. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2026. General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks. HINTS: Derived from Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru's "Objectives Resolution", Preamble of the Indian Constitution declares India to be
- [Why the words 'Secular' and 'Socialist' added to the Preamble?](https://fotisedu.com/why-the-words-secular-and-socialist-added-to-the-preamble/) - Q. The 42nd Amendment to the Constitution of India added the words 'Secular' and 'Socialist' to the Preamble... What prompted this Amendment? What relevance...
- [Influence of Indian Politics and Culture on South East Asia](https://fotisedu.com/influence-of-indian-politics-and-culture-on-south-east-asia/) - QUES. Discuss the influence of Indian politics and culture on South East Asia during the ancient period. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2026. General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks. HINTS: During the ancient period, Indian traders, monks, and scholars brought their political beliefs, religions traditions and arts to Southeast Asia. This created "Indianized" kingdoms that blended Indian
- [Comparison of Mauryan Municipal Administration with today's Municipality](https://fotisedu.com/comparison-of-mauryan-municipal-administration-with-todays-municipality/) - QUES. Compare the Mauryan Municipal Administration with today's Municipality. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2026. General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks. HINTS: The Mauryan Empire featured a highly sophisticated municipal administration. It was very much similar to today's municipalities but with striking dissimilarities too. Must read: Why is the Maurya rule important in the history of India?
- [SDGs and Building Inclusive and Sustainable Cities](https://fotisedu.com/sdgs-and-building-inclusive-and-sustainable-cities/) - QUES. The SDGs are urgent calls to action. Explain SDG 1, 5 and 11 in terms of building inclusive and sustainable cities. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2026. General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks. HINTS: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are indeed an urgent call to action. Adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, they
- [Revolt of 1857 was more than a product of sepoy discontent](https://fotisedu.com/revolt-of-1857-was-more-than-a-product-of-sepoy-discontent/) - Ques. The Revolt of 1857 was much more than a mere product of sepoy discontent.’ Comment. Hints: The Revolt of 1857, often termed India’s First War of Independence, transcended mere sepoy discontent and reflected widespread socio-economic, political, and cultural grievances against British rule. Must read: Nature of the Revolt of 1857 Economic Exploitation: British policies
- [Who provided leadership to the Revolt of 1857?](https://fotisedu.com/who-provided-leadership-to-the-revolt-of-1857/) - QUES . Who provided leadership to the Revolt of 1857? Discuss the role of any three of them. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2023 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks.
- [Nature of the Revolt of 1857](https://fotisedu.com/nature-of-the-revolt-of-1857/) - QUES . What was the nature of the Revolt of 1857 ? Is it correct to call it the first freedom struggle? Arguments in Favor. Arguments Against
- [Social Reform Movements of Colonial India and Condition of Women](https://fotisedu.com/social-reform-movements-of-colonial-india-and-condition-of-women/) - Ques. The social reform movements of Colonial India were only concerned with the condition of women and little else. Comment. HINTS: This statement presents a narrow interpretation of colonial social reform movements, which actually addressed comprehensive social transformation encompassing multiple dimensions beyond women’s conditions, though gender reform remained a significant focus. Women-Centric Reforms: Sati abolition,
- [Role of Women’s Organizations in Promoting Women’s Empowerment](https://fotisedu.com/role-of-womens-organizations-in-promoting-womens-empowerment/) - Ques. Analyze the role of women’s organizations in promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment in India. Hints: Women’s organizations in India have played a transformative role in advancing gender equality and women’s empowerment, acting as catalysts for legal reform, social change, and economic inclusion. Their efforts span from grassroots mobilization to national advocacy, shaping policies
- ["With the coming of the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement, it became clear that the Moderates had outlived their utility"](https://fotisedu.com/with-the-coming-of-the-swadeshi-and-boycott-movement-it-became-clear-that-the-moderates-had-outlived-their-utility/) - With the coming of the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement, it became clear that the Moderates had outlived their utility and their politics of petitions and......
- [Swadeshi Movement : a turning point in modern Indian history](https://fotisedu.com/swadeshi-movement-a-turning-point-in-modern-indian-history/) - The Swadeshi and Boycott Movement began as a reaction to partition of Bengal which became known in 1903, was formally announced in July 1905 and came into....
- [Impact of Swadeshi Movement on Freedom Struggle](https://fotisedu.com/impact-of-swadeshi-movement-on-freedom-struggle/) - Ques. Give an outline of the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal between 1905 to 1908. Critically analyze its impact on freedom struggle. Hints: The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal (1905–1908) arose in reaction to the Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon, which was perceived as an attempt to divide and weaken nationalist sentiments. The movement marked a
- [Factors responsible for the emergence of Gandhiji as an eminent nationalist leader](https://fotisedu.com/factors-responsible-for-the-emergence-of-gandhiji-as-an-eminent-nationalist-leader/) - Gandhi’s emergence as an eminent nationalist leader was the result of his personal beliefs and experiences, political and social conditions of the time, and his
- [Extremism in the Indian National Movement](https://fotisedu.com/extremism-in-the-indian-national-movement/) - Ques. “Extremism in politics seldom achieves positive results.” Discuss in the context of the Indian National Movement. Hints: The Indian National Movement witnessed a significant ideological shift with the rise of extremist leaders in the early 20th century. While extremism injected urgency and mass mobilization into the freedom struggle, its outcomes were mixed, highlighting both
- [Akbar’s attitude towards women](https://fotisedu.com/akbars-attitude-towards-women/) - QUES. What was Akbar’s attitude towards women? UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2024 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks. HINTS: Akbar’s attitude towards women was indeed a complex mix of progressive social reform, traditional patriarchal practices and pragmatism, often functioning simultaneously to maintain societal stability, personal desire and imperial power. Must read: Rajput policy of Akbar vs
- [Role of INA trials in Indian Independence](https://fotisedu.com/role-of-ina-trials-in-indian-independence/) - QUES. What role did the INA trials play in facilitating the process of Indian Independence?
- [Significance of the Peninsular Plateau](https://fotisedu.com/significance-of-the-peninsular-plateau/) - Covering an area of about l6 lakh sq km, the peninsular upland forms the largest physiographic division of India. With a general elevation between 600-900 metres, the region constitutes an irregular triangle with its base lying between the Delhi Ridge and the Rajmahal Hills and the apex formed by Kanyakumari. It is bounded by the
- [UPSC MAINS 2020 GS PAPER I](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2020-gs-paper-i/) - Q1.The rock-cut architecture represents one of the most important sources of our knowledge of early Indian art and history. Discuss.Q2. Pala period is the most
- [Ecosystem services of Himalayas are essential for Highland-Lowland sustainability in Asia](https://fotisedu.com/ecosystem-services-of-himalayas-are-essential-for-highland-lowland-sustainability-in-asia/) - QUES . Describe how ecosystem services of the Himalayas are essential for Highland-Lowland sustainability in Asia.
- [Architecture of the Indus Valley Civilization](https://fotisedu.com/architecture-of-the-indus-valley-civilization/) - UPSC MAINS 2025. GS PAPER 1. QUES . Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture. Answer in 150 words.10 marks.
- [UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER I](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2025-gs-paper-i/) - Answers to Questions no. 1 to 10 should be in 150 words, whereas answers to Questions no. 11 to 20 should be in 250 words. 1 . Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture. (Answer in 150 words) 10 2 . Examine the main aspects of Akbar’s religious syncretism. (Answer in 150 words) 10
- [Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY) : Outlay, Focus, Objectives and Implementation](https://fotisedu.com/prime-minister-dhan-dhaanya-krishi-yojana-pmddky-outlay-focus-objectives-and-implementation/) - Outlay for Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY); Focus of Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY); Goals of (PMDDKY)
- [Sawalkote Hydropower Project: Location, River, Features and Significance](https://fotisedu.com/sawalkote-hydropower-project-location-river-features-and-significance/) - Location; River; Capacity; Developed by; Features; Environmental and Displacement Issues; Balancing Growth with Ecological and Rehabilitation Issues; Significance
- [Changes Introduced in the Domain of Centre-State Relations](https://fotisedu.com/changes-introduced-in-the-domain-of-centre-state-relations/) - UPSC MAINS 2024. GS PAPER 2 QUES . What changes has the Union Government recently introduced in the domain of Centre-State relations? Suggest measures to be...
- [UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER 3](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2025-gs-paper-3/) - Answers to Questions no. 1 to 10 should be in 150 words, whereas answers to Questions no. 11 to 20 should be in 250 words. Q1. Distinguish between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) with special reference to India. Why is the IHDI considered a better indicator of inclusive
- [Carbon capture and storage](https://fotisedu.com/carbon-capture-and-storage/) - What is the need of carbon capture and storage? How does CCS actually work? What is the difference between CCUS and CCS?
- [Indian federalism is moving from co-operative federalism to competitive federalism](https://fotisedu.com/indian-federalism-is-moving-from-co-operative-federalism-to-competitive-federalism/) - QUES. What is co-operative federalism? Is Indian federal system an example of cooperative federalism? Critically analyse. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2023 General Studies
- [Distribution of Off-shore Oil Reserves of the World](https://fotisedu.com/distribution-of-off-shore-oil-reserves-of-the-world/) - UPSC MAINS 2025. GS PAPER 1 QUES . Give a geographical explanation of the distribution of off-shore oil reserves of the world. How are they different from the..
- [MELTING ICE CAPS AND SHEETS](https://fotisedu.com/melting-ice-caps-and-sheets/) - MELTING ICE CAPS AND SHEETS . Consequences and impact of melting of polar ice of Arctic and Antarctica. Submergence of islands and beaches. Permafrost melting.
- [World Heritage Sites in India](https://fotisedu.com/world-heritage-sites-in-india/) - Mixed World Heritage Sites in India; Cultural World Heritage Sites in India; Natural World Heritage Sites in India; first Indian sites to be included in the ..
- [Arts of the Indus Valley Civilization](https://fotisedu.com/arts-of-the-indus-valley-civilization/) - UPSC PRELIMS 2025. QUES . The famous female figurine known as 'Dancing Girl', found at Mohenjo-daro, is made of (a) carnelian (b) clay (c) bronze (d) gold
- [Scope of Food Processing Industries in India](https://fotisedu.com/scope-of-food-processing-industries-in-india/) - UPSC MAINS 2025. GS PAPER 3. QUES . Examine the scope of the food processing industries in India. Elaborate the measures taken by the government in the food....
- [Prospects of food processing industry in India](https://fotisedu.com/prospects-of-food-processing-industry-in-india/) - QUES . Assess the prospect of food processing industry with suitable examples from India. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2022 General Studies . 200 Words . 5 Marks
- [INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY: OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES](https://fotisedu.com/indias-foreign-policy-objectives-and-principles/) - India’s foreign policy principles as enshrined in Panchsheel (1954) emphasise the imperatives of non-aggression, non-interference, and peaceful co-existence .
- [How can India achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047?](https://fotisedu.com/how-can-india-achieve-energy-independence-through-clean-technology-by-2047/) - UPSC MAINS 2025. GS PAPER 3. QUES . How can India achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047? How can biotechnology play a crucial role...
- [Importance of solar energy in future economic development of India](https://fotisedu.com/importance-of-solar-energy-in-future-economic-development-of-india/) - QUES . Discuss the importance of solar energy in the future economic development of India.
- [From Free Trade and Multilateralism to Protectionism and Bilateralism: Challenges and Solutions](https://fotisedu.com/from-free-trade-and-multilateralism-to-protectionism-and-bilateralism-challenges-and-solutions/) - UPSC MAINS 2025. GS PAPER 3. QUES . What are the challenges before the Indian economy when the world is moving away from free trade and multilateralism to ....
- [Sangam literature portrays the social and economic conditions of its time with remarkable vividness](https://fotisedu.com/sangam-literature-portrays-the-social-and-economic-conditions-of-its-time-with-remarkable-vividness/) - Though not very useful from the point of view of a connected political history of South India,the Sangam literature portrays the social and economic .........
- [Growth of Public Interest Litigation in India](https://fotisedu.com/growth-of-public-interest-litigation-in-india/) - UPSC MAINS 2024 GS PAPER 2 QUES . Explain the reasons for the growth of public interest litigation in India. As a result of it, has the Indian Supreme Court...
- [The duty of the Comptroller and Auditor General is not merely to ensure the legality of expenditure but also its propriety](https://fotisedu.com/the-duty-of-the-comptroller-and-auditor-general-is-not-merely-to-ensure-the-legality-of-expenditure-but-also-its-propriety/) - UPSC MAINS 2024 GS PAPER 2 QUES . “The duty of the Comptroller and Auditor General is not merely to ensure the legality of expenditure but also its propriety.”
- [Scope and Significance of Supply Chain Management of Agricultural Commodities](https://fotisedu.com/scope-and-significance-of-supply-chain-management-of-agricultural-commodities/) - UPSC MAINS 2025. GS PAPER 3. QUES . Elaborate the scope and significance of supply chain management of agricultural commodities in India. Answer in 150 words...
- [Government Initiatives for Sustainable Agriculture](https://fotisedu.com/government-initiatives-for-sustainable-agriculture/) - National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA); PM-PRANAM; National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF); Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)...
- [Factors Influencing the Decision of the Farmers on the Selection of High Value Crops](https://fotisedu.com/factors-influencing-the-decision-of-the-farmers-on-the-selection-of-high-value-crops/) - UPSC MAINS 2025. GS PAPER 3. QUES . Explain the factors influencing the decision of the farmers on the selection of high value crops in India. Answer in 150....
- [Human Development Index (HDI) vs Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)](https://fotisedu.com/human-development-index-hdi-vs-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi/) - UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER 3. QUES . Distinguish between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) with.....
- [Evolution of Collegium System in India](https://fotisedu.com/evolution-of-collegium-system-in-india/) - UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER 2 QUES . Discuss the evolution of collegium system in India. Critically examine the advantages and disadvantages of the system of....
- [Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly : Nature, Powers and Functions](https://fotisedu.com/jammu-and-kashmir-legislative-assembly-nature-powers-and-functions/) - UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER 2 QUES . Discuss the nature of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly after the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019. Briefly...
- [Corrupt Practices under Representation of the People Act, 1951](https://fotisedu.com/corrupt-practices-under-representation-of-the-people-act-1951/) - UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER 2 QUES . Discuss the ‘corrupt practices’ for the purpose of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Analyze whether the increase...
- [Application of Constitutional Morality to Ensure Balance Between Judicial Independence and Judicial Accountability](https://fotisedu.com/application-of-constitutional-morality-to-ensure-balance-between-judicial-independence-and-judicial-accountability/) - UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER 2. QUES . “Constitutional morality is the fulcrum which acts as an essential check upon the high functionaries and citizens alike…”
- [Attorney General of India : Responsibilities, Rights and Limitations](https://fotisedu.com/attorney-general-of-india-responsibilities-rights-and-limitations/) - UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER 2. QUES . “The Attorney General of India plays a crucial role in guiding the legal framework of the Union Government and ensuring....
- [What are environmental pressure groups?](https://fotisedu.com/what-are-environmental-pressure-groups/) - UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER 2. QUES . What are environmental pressure groups? Discuss their role in raising awareness, influencing policies and advocating for ...
- [Procedural and Substantive Limitations on the Amending Power of the Parliament](https://fotisedu.com/procedural-and-substantive-limitations-on-the-amending-power-of-the-parliament/) - UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER 2 . QUES . Indian Constitution has conferred the amending power on the ordinary legislative institutions with a few procedural hurdles.
- [Constitutional Amendment Requiring Ratification by the Legislatures of Not Less Than One-Half of the States](https://fotisedu.com/constitutional-amendment-requiring-ratification-by-the-legislatures-of-not-less-than-one-half-of-the-states/) - UPSC PRELIMS 2025. QUES . Consider the following subjects under the Constitution of India: I. List I-Union List, in the Seventh Schedule II. Extent of the...
- [UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER 2](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2025-gs-paper-2/) - Answers to Questions no. 1 to 10 should be in 150 words, whereas answers to Questions no. 11 to 20 should be in 250 words. 1 . Discuss the ‘corrupt practices’ for the purpose of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Analyze whether the increase in the assets of the legislators and/or their associates,
- [Evolving Pattern of Centre-State Financial Relations](https://fotisedu.com/evolving-pattern-of-centre-state-financial-relations/) - UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER 2. QUES . Examine the evolving pattern of Centre-State financial relations in the context of planned development in India. How far....
- [Issues and Challenges in Centre-State Financial Relations and Fiscal Federalism](https://fotisedu.com/issues-and-challenges-in-centre-state-financial-relations-and-fiscal-federalism/) - QUES. What are the emerging issues raised by some states in India in the context of fiscal federalism? Explain your view in this context. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2024
- [President’s Power to Pardon in India and USA : A Comparison](https://fotisedu.com/presidents-power-to-pardon-in-india-and-usa-a-comparison/) - UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER 2. QUES . Compare and contrast the President’s power to pardon in India and in the USA. Are there any limits to it in both the.....
- [Need of Administrative Tribunals](https://fotisedu.com/need-of-administrative-tribunals/) - UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER 2. QUES . Comment on the need of administrative tribunals as compared to the court system. Assess the impact of the recent tribunal...
- [Capital Receipts : Debt, Non-Debt and Examples](https://fotisedu.com/capital-receipts-debt-non-debt-and-examples/) - UPSC 2025. QUES . Consider the following statements: I. Capital receipts create a liability or cause a reduction in the assets of the Government. II....
- [Andes Mountains : Important Facts](https://fotisedu.com/andes-mountains-important-facts/) - UPSC 2025. QUES . Consider the following countries: I. Bolivia II. Brazil III. Colombia IV. Ecuador V. Paraguay VI. Venezuela Andes mountains pass through...
- [NATO : Members, Structure and Article 5](https://fotisedu.com/nato-members-structure-and-article-5/) - UPSC 2025. QUES . Consider the following countries: I. Austria II. Bulgaria III. Croatia IV. Serbia V. Sweden VI. North Macedonia How many of the above are....
- [UPSC MAINS 2025 GS PAPER 4](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2025-gs-paper-4/) - There are TWELVE questions divided in two Sections. All questions are compulsory. SECTION A 1(a). In the present digital age, social media has revolutionised our way of communication and interaction. However, it has raised several ethical issues and challenges. Describe the key ethical dilemmas in this regard. (Answer in 150 words) 10 1(b). "Constitutional morality
- [Constitution (One Hundred and Thirtieth Amendment) Bill, 2025](https://fotisedu.com/constitution-one-hundred-and-thirtieth-amendment-bill-2025/) - Objective and Reasons Behind Constitution (One Hundred and Thirtieth Amendment) Bill, 2025; Is there any provision for re-appointment when the minister is ....
- [Role of Local Bodies in Providing Good Governance at Local Level](https://fotisedu.com/role-of-local-bodies-in-providing-good-governance-at-local-level/) - UPSC MAINS 2024 GS PAPER 2 QUES . Analyse the role of local bodies in providing good governance at local level and bring out the pros and cons of merging the...
- [Difference Between Civil and Criminal Cases](https://fotisedu.com/difference-between-civil-and-criminal-cases/) - What are Civil Cases? Examples of Civil Cases. What are Criminal Cases? Examples of Criminal Cases. Difference Between Civil and Criminal Cases.
- [Removal of Chief Election Commissioner](https://fotisedu.com/removal-of-chief-election-commissioner/) - Article 324(5) of the Constitution states that the CEC can be removed from office only “in like manner and on the like grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court.”
- [Temple Architecture in South India under Pallava Dynasty](https://fotisedu.com/temple-architecture-in-south-india-under-pallava-dynasty/) - Mahendravarman Style of Architecture (610 AD-640 AD); Mamalla Style or Narasimha Style of Architecture (640 AD-674 AD); Rajasimha Style of Architecture ....
- [Brahmo Samaj : Founder, Prominent Leaders, Principles, Significance, Divisions and Decline](https://fotisedu.com/brahmo-samaj-founder-prominent-leaders-principles-significance-divisions-and-decline/) - UPSC PRELIMS 2012 QUES . Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Brahmo Samaj? 1 . It opposed idolatry. 2 . It denied the need for ......
- [Non-Cooperation Movement : Programmes , Participation and Significance](https://fotisedu.com/non-cooperation-movement-programmes-participation-and-significance/) - UPSC PRELIMS 2025. QUES . Consider the following subjects with regard to Non-Cooperation Programme : I. Boycott of law-courts and foreign cloth II. Observance..
- [The growth of cabinet system has practically resulted in the marginalisation of the parliamentary supremacy](https://fotisedu.com/the-growth-of-cabinet-system-has-practically-resulted-in-the-marginalisation-of-the-parliamentary-supremacy/) - UPSC MAINS 2024 GS PAPER 2. QUES . “The growth of cabinet system has practically resulted in the marginalisation of the parliamentary supremacy:” Elucidate.
- [Explain and distinguish between Lok Adalats And Arbitration Tribunals](https://fotisedu.com/explain-and-distinguish-between-lok-adalats-and-arbitration-tribunals/) - UPSC MAINS 2024 GS PAPER 2 QUES . Explain and distinguish between Lok Adalats And Arbitration Tribunals. Whether they entertain civil as well as criminal cases?
- [Need for Electoral Reforms](https://fotisedu.com/need-for-electoral-reforms/) - UPSC MAINS 2024 GS PAPER 2 Q. Examine the need for electoral reforms as suggested by various committees with particular reference to “one nation – one elec
- [Postponement of Assembly or Parliamentary elections](https://fotisedu.com/postponement-of-assembly-or-parliamentary-elections/) - Is the Election Commission empowered to delay elections at will? Under what circumstances can the Election Commission decide to postpone an election?
- [Judicial Activism – a critical appraisal](https://fotisedu.com/judicial-activism-a-critical-appraisal/) - QUES . What do you understand by Judicial Activism? Why is it considered as a deterrent to executive authority? UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2015 General Studies.
- [Difference between Judicial Review and Judicial Activism](https://fotisedu.com/difference-between-judicial-review-and-judicial-activism/) - QUES . Highlight the major differences between judicial review and judicial activism. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2019 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Difference between judicial activism and judicial overreach](https://fotisedu.com/difference-between-judicial-activism-and-judicial-overreach/) - Judicial Activism and Judicial Overreach are two terms often used in the context of the judiciary’s role in interpreting and shaping laws.
- [Declining Fertility Rates Across the World](https://fotisedu.com/declining-fertility-rates-across-the-world/) - Advantages and Benefits of Declining Fertility Rates; Disadvantages and Drawbacks of Declining Fertility Rates;Reasons Behind Declining Fertility Rates in India
- [Question hour : instrument of Parliamentary financial control over the executive](https://fotisedu.com/question-hour-instrument-of-parliamentary-financial-control-over-the-executive/) - Q. "The question hour is a very important instrument of Parliamentary financial control over the executive." Comment... Type of Questions asked in Question Hour
- [Zero Hour in Parliament : Meaning and Significance](https://fotisedu.com/zero-hour-in-parliament-meaning-and-significance/) - QUES . What is the significance of Zero Hour in the proceedings in the Indian Parliament? UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2014 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [What is a ‘whip’, and what does it do?](https://fotisedu.com/whats-a-whip-and-what-does-it-do/) - What is a whip? What is the penalty for defying a whip? What are the various kinds of whips? Is the office of Whip mentioned in the Constitution of India?
- [What is a private member Bill?How they are introduced and discussed?](https://fotisedu.com/what-is-a-private-member-billhow-they-are-introduced-and-discussed/) - What is the purpose of private member Bill?Is there any fixed day for introduction of private member Bill?What chance a private member Bill has of becoming law?
- [Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)](https://fotisedu.com/pradhan-mantri-krishi-sinchayee-yojana-pmksy/) - Aims of PMKSY, Objectives of PMKSY, Components of PMKSY, Sub-components of Har Khet Ko Pani, epartments and ministries are involved in implementation of PMKSY
- [Flash Floods in India : Causes, Impact and Mitigation Measures](https://fotisedu.com/flash-floods-in-india-causes-impact-and-mitigation-measures/) - Flash Flood Hotspots in India; Recent Flash Flood Incidents in India; How Climate Change is Increasing Flash Floods in India? Mitigation Measures Against
- [Flash Floods : Definition, Causes, Determinants, Forecasting, Impacts and Mitigation](https://fotisedu.com/flash-floods-definition-causes-determinants-forecasting-impacts-and-mitigation/) - Causes of Flash Floods; Determinants of Flash Flood; Impacts of Flash Flood; Health Impacts from Flash Floods; Prediction and Forecasting of Flash Floods
- [“Prime Minister is the nucleus of the Indian political system”](https://fotisedu.com/prime-minister-is-the-nucleus-of-the-indian-political-system/) - QUES . “Prime Minister is the nucleus of the Indian political system.” Discuss. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2024 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Article 6 of Paris Agreement : Carbon Markets and Non-Market Modalities](https://fotisedu.com/article-6-of-paris-agreement-carbon-markets-and-non-market-modalities/) - UPSC PRELIMS 2025. QUES. Consider the following statements: Statement I: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement on climate change is frequently discussed in global..
- [Coal Gasification : Definition, Process, Advantages, Challenges and Initiatives](https://fotisedu.com/coal-gasification-definition-process-advantages-challenges-and-initiatives/) - UPSC PRELIMS 2025. QUES . Consider the following substances: I. Ethanol II. Nitroglycerine III. Urea Coal gasification technology can be used in the production
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- [Excellence of the Gupta numismatic art](https://fotisedu.com/excellence-of-the-gupta-numismatic-art/) - UPSC MAINS 2017 GS I. QUES . How do you justify the view that the level of excellence of the Gupta numismatic art is not at all noticeable in later times?
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- [Heat Budget of the Planet Earth](https://fotisedu.com/heat-budget-of-the-planet-earth/) - Why the earth neither warms up nor cools down despite the huge transfer of heat that takes place? Heat Budget of the Planet Earth
- [Factors Controlling Temperature Distribution](https://fotisedu.com/factors-controlling-temperature-distribution/) - Factors Controlling Temperature Distribution-latitude, altitude, distance from the sea,airmass circulation, warm and cold ocean currents, local aspects.
- [Variability of Insolation at the Surface of the Earth](https://fotisedu.com/variability-of-insolation-at-the-surface-of-the-earth/) - UPSC 2024. QUES . On June 21 every year, which of the following latitude(s) experience(s) a sunlight of more than 12 hours? 1. Equator 2 . Tropic of Cancer
- [HEATING AND COOLING OF ATMOSPHERE](https://fotisedu.com/heating-and-cooling-of-atmosphere/) - UPSC 2024. QUES . Consider the following statements: Statement-I: The atmosphere is heated more by incoming solar radiation then by terrestrial radiation...
- [Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Pollution : Sources, Effects and How to Reduce?](https://fotisedu.com/sulphur-dioxide-so2-pollution-sources-effects-and-how-to-reduce/) - UPSC 2024. QUES . According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which one of the following is the largest source of sulphur dioxide emissions?
- [Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)](https://fotisedu.com/central-pollution-control-board-cpcb/) - How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT) different from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)?1.The NGT has been established by an Act whereas the CPCB
- [Particulate pollution in Delhi NCR](https://fotisedu.com/particulate-pollution-in-delhi-ncr/) - QUES . Why has extreme particulate pollution remained a festering issue in Delhi NCR region ?
- [Pollution dome : formation and impacts](https://fotisedu.com/pollution-dome-formation-and-impacts/) - QUES . What is pollution dome ? Discuss its formation and impacts.
- [Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC)](https://fotisedu.com/climate-and-clean-air-coalition-ccac/) - Consider the following statements:1. Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to reduce Short Lived Climate Pollutants is a unique initiative of G20 group of
- [PARTICULATE MATTER AND ITS EFFECTS](https://fotisedu.com/particulate-matter-and-its-effects/) - What is particulate matter? What are the different sizes of particulate matter? What are the sources of particulate matter?What are the harmful effects of PM?
- [Exposure to benzene pollution](https://fotisedu.com/exposure-to-benzene-pollution/) - UPSC 2020 Ques. Which of the following are the reasons/factors for exposure to benzene pollution ? 1.Automobile exhaust 2.Tobacco smoke 3.Wood burning .......
- [Cripps Mission](https://fotisedu.com/cripps-mission/) - UPSC 2022. QUES . With reference to the proposals of Cripps Mission, consider the following statements: 1. The Constituent Assembly would have members nominated
- [Rajput policy of Akbar vs Rajput policy of Aurangzeb](https://fotisedu.com/rajput-policy-of-akbar-vs-rajput-policy-of-aurangzeb/) - Rajput policy of Akbar was unique as it not only helped to end the long drawn conflict between the Rajputs and Mughal but also helped Akbar in the consolidation
- [How Aurangzeb’s Deccan Policy contributed to the decline of Mughal empire?](https://fotisedu.com/how-aurangzebs-deccan-policy-contributed-to-the-decline-of-mughal-empire/) - Aurangzeb's Deccan policy which caused destruction of the best soldiers and undermined the Mughal prestige beyond repair, contributed materially to the downfall
- [Gandhi-Irwin Pact or the Delhi Pact : an evaluation](https://fotisedu.com/gandhi-irwin-pact-or-the-delhi-pact-an-evaluation/) - UPSC 2020. QUES. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included which of the following? 1. Invitation to Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference.2 . Withdrawal of
- [Bhasa - the Famous Sanskrit Poet](https://fotisedu.com/bhasa-the-famous-sanskrit-poet/) - UPSC 2024. QUES . Which one of the following is a work attributed to playwright Bhasa? (a) Kavyalankara (b) Natyashastra (c) Madhyama-vyayoga (d) Mahabhashya
- [The Vedic literature – Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads](https://fotisedu.com/the-vedic-literature-vedas-brahmanas-aranyakas-and-upanishads/) - UPSC 2024. QUES . Consider the following statements: 1 . There are no parables in Upanishads. 2 . Upanishads were composed earlier than the Puranas. Which....
- [Religion in Chalcolithic Cultures](https://fotisedu.com/religion-in-chalcolithic-cultures/) - The worship of mother goddess and the bull was in vogue in the Chalcolithic cultures. Bull cult seems to have been predominant in Malwa during the Ahar period.
- [Agriculture, Trade and Commerce in Chalcolithic Cultures](https://fotisedu.com/agriculture-trade-and-commerce-in-chalcolithic-cultures/) - Agriculture, Trade and Commerce in Chalcolithic Cultures ; Technology in Chalcolithic ; Chalcolithic cultures flourished during third and second millennium B.C
- [Chalcolithic Culture : Regions and Features](https://fotisedu.com/chalcolithic-culture-regions-and-features/) - QUES. Consider the following: UPSC 2024 Archaeological Site : State : Description 1. Chandraketugarh : Odisha : Trading Port town 2. Inamgaon : : Chalcolithic
- [Public debt of India - Significant Trends](https://fotisedu.com/public-debt-of-india-significant-trends/) - UPSC 2022. QUES. With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements:1.A share of the household financial savings goes towards government...
- [Know About IMF](https://fotisedu.com/know-about-imf/) - UPSC 2016. QUES. ‘Global Financial Stability Report’ is prepared by the: (a) European Central Bank (b) International Monetary Fund (c) International Bank for...
- [Lending Instruments of IMF](https://fotisedu.com/lending-instruments-of-imf/) - UPSC 2022. QUES. ‘’Rapid Financing Instrument’’ and ‘’Rapid Credit Facility’’ are related to the provisions of lending by which one of the following? a) Asian..
- [Why Panipat had been a favourite battlefield in Indian history?](https://fotisedu.com/why-panipat-had-been-a-favourite-battlefield-in-indian-history/) - Panipat had a strategic location. Its proximity to Delhi made it easier for the Indian rulers to transport weapons, military, and food supplies, etc....
- [Why were so many empire-shaking battles fought at Panipat?](https://fotisedu.com/why-were-so-many-empire-shaking-battles-fought-at-panipat/) - UPSC 2014 G S MAINS PAPER 1. QUES . The third battle of Panipat was fought in 1761. Why were so many empire-shaking battles fought at Panipat?
- [The Battle of Plassey](https://fotisedu.com/the-battle-of-plassey/) - Clive forged a secret alliance with the traitors of the nawab—Mir Jafar, Rai Durlabh, Jagat Seth (an influential banker of Bengal), and Omichand.
- [The Battle of Buxar](https://fotisedu.com/the-battle-of-buxar/) - The Battle of Buxar was fought in October 1764, between the forces under the command of the British East India Company, led by Hector Munro, and the combined...
- [Basel Convention - Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal](https://fotisedu.com/basel-convention-control-of-transboundary-movements-of-hazardous-wastes-and-their-disposal/) - Objective of Basel Convention; Scope of Basel Convention; Aims and provisions of Basel Convention; Prior informed consent; Criticism of Basel Convention
- [Desert National Park , Jaisalmer](https://fotisedu.com/desert-national-park-jaisalmer/) - UPSC 2020. QUES . With reference to India’s Desert National Park, which of the following statements are correct? 1. It is spread over two districts. 2......
- [INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT - OBJECTIVES , COMPONENTS AND NEED](https://fotisedu.com/integrated-watershed-management-objectives-components-and-need/) - UPSC 2014 QUES. What are the benefits of implementing the Integrated Watershed Development Programme? 1.Prevention of soil runoff 2. Linking the country’s ...
- [Conservation Agriculture - principles , benefits & problems](https://fotisedu.com/conservation-agriculture-principles-benefits-problems/) - UPSC PRELIMS 2018 Ques. With reference to the circumstances in Indian agriculture, the concept of "Conservation Agriculture" assumes significance. Which of
- [Zero Tillage – the no till approach](https://fotisedu.com/zero-tillage-the-no-till-approach/) - UPSC 2020 Ques. What is/are the advantage/advantages of zero tillage in agriculture? 1.Sowing of wheat is possible without burning the residue of previous crop.
- [Precision farming - How it contributes to resource conservation?](https://fotisedu.com/precision-farming-how-it-contributes-to-resource-conservation/) - QUES . What is "precision farming"? Write its different aspects for resource conservation. Soil mapping. Water management. Crop health monitoring....
- [Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)](https://fotisedu.com/zero-budget-natural-farming-zbnf/) - Four wheels of ZBNF; What are the concerns with respect to Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)?What are the benefits of Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)?
- [Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA)](https://fotisedu.com/global-alliance-for-climate-smart-agriculture-gacsa/) - UPSC 2018 Ques. With reference to the 'Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (CACSA)',which of the following statements is/are correct.'' 1.GACSA is...
- [Importance of maximizing agricultural production without destroying the ecological basis](https://fotisedu.com/importance-of-maximizing-agricultural-production-without-destroying-the-ecological-basis/) - QUES.‘Man must realize the importance of maximizing agricultural production without destroying ecological basis on which our entire food production system rests
- [Fertigation - an efficient method of fertilizer application](https://fotisedu.com/fertigation-an-efficient-method-of-fertilizer-application/) - UPSC 2020 Ques. What are the advantages of fertigation in agriculture? 1.Controlling the alkalinity of irrigation water is possible. 2. Efficient application
- [Global Biofuels Alliance - for a greener sustainable future](https://fotisedu.com/global-biofuels-alliance-for-a-greener-sustainable-future/) - Why GBA is formed?What is the significance of Global Biofuels Alliance(GBA) for India?Which countries are associated with Global Biofuels Alliance(GBA)?
- [How Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) can help get sustainable biofuels on track?](https://fotisedu.com/how-global-biofuels-alliance-gba-can-help-get-sustainable-biofuels-on-track/) - Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) would bring countries together to co-develop, accelerate technological advances in production processes, and advocate for the...
- [Types of Hydrogen Fuel Explained](https://fotisedu.com/types-of-hydrogen-fuel-explained/) - What are the various methods of hydrogen fuel production? Green hydrogen, blue hydrogen, brown hydrogen, yellow hydrogen, turquoise hydrogen and pink hydrogen.
- [Fuel Cells – Uses, Benefits and Working](https://fotisedu.com/fuel-cells-uses-benefits-and-working/) - QUES . Which one of the following is the exhaust pipe emission from Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, powered by hydrogen? UPSC 2024 (a) Hydrogen peroxide (b) ...
- [Biofuel - Types and Generations](https://fotisedu.com/biofuel-types-and-generations/) - What is a biofuel? What are the examples of biofuels? What is bioethanol? What is biodiesel? What are the different generations of biofuels?
- [Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) – Benefits and Drawbacks](https://fotisedu.com/flexible-fuel-vehicles-ffvs-benefits-and-drawbacks/) - What are flex fuel vehicles? What are Flex Fuel Strong Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FFSHEV)? What are the advantages and disadvantages of Flex-fuel vehicles?
- [Biofuel – Advantages, Limitations, Challenges, Initiatives](https://fotisedu.com/biofuel-advantages-limitations-challenges-initiatives/) - What are the advantages of biofuels? What are the limitations of Biofuel? What are the various initiatives taken by Government to promote the use of Biofuels?
- [Common Native Plant Species of India](https://fotisedu.com/common-native-plant-species-of-india/) - UPSC 2024 QUES . Consider the following: 1. Cashew 2. Papaya 3. Red sanders. How many of the above trees are actually native to India? (a) Only one ........
- [DESERTIFICATION – AN UNDERESTIMATED THREAT](https://fotisedu.com/desertification-an-underestimated-threat/) - UPSC 2016. QUES. What is/are the importance/importances of the ‘United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification’? 1. It aims to promote effective action
- [Project Tiger - An Assessment](https://fotisedu.com/project-tiger-an-assessment/) - The article is about Project Tiger , Tiger Reserves , core and buffer area , Kaziranga , Manas , Bandipur , Kanha , Panna , Bandhavgarh , Sariska , Tiger census
- [Jupiter: Key Facts, Size, Moons, Temperature & Rings](https://fotisedu.com/jupiter-key-facts-size-moons-temperature-rings/) - Key facts about Jupiter; Size of Jupiter; Shape of Jupiter; Atmosphere of Jupiter; Temperature at Jupiter; Rings of Jupiter; Moons of Jupiter; Io, Ganymede....
- [OZONE LAYER - ITS FORMATION AND SIGNIFICANCE](https://fotisedu.com/ozone-layer-its-formation-and-significance/) - This article is about ozone , ozone layer , ground level ozone , dobson unit , UV radiation , harmful impact of UV rays , significance of ozone layer
- [DEPLETION OF OZONE LAYER - PREVENTION AND CONTROL](https://fotisedu.com/depletion-of-ozone-layer-prevention-and-control/) - DEPLETION OF OZONE LAYER Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) , Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), ozone hole , Prevention and control of ozone depletion
- [How was World War I different from previous wars in history ?](https://fotisedu.com/how-was-world-war-i-different-from-previous-wars-in-history/) - World War I : USA for the first time got involved on a world scale ; Sea battles took place in the South Atlantic and the Pacific.
- [National Food Security Act, 2013](https://fotisedu.com/national-food-security-act-2013/) - UPSC 2018 QUES. With reference to the provisions made under the National Food Security Act, 2013, consider the following statements: 1. The families coming...
- [Salient features of Public Distribution System](https://fotisedu.com/salient-features-of-public-distribution-system/) - QUES . Enlist and explain the salient features of the Public Distribution System as per the provisions of the National Food Security Act, 2013.
- [Role of the National Food Security Act, 2013 in providing access of food to the poor](https://fotisedu.com/role-of-the-national-food-security-act-2013-in-providing-access-of-food-to-the-poor/) - QUES . Evaluate the role of the National Food Security Act, 2013 in providing access of food to the poor in India
- [Aerosols and Monsoon](https://fotisedu.com/aerosols-and-monsoon/) - How do aerosols weaken Indian monsoon? What are the causal influences of aerosols on precipitation suppression? Aerosols and Monsoon.
- [How far do you agree that the behavior of the Indian monsoon has been changing due to humanizing landscapes?](https://fotisedu.com/how-far-do-you-agree-that-the-behavior-of-the-indian-monsoon-has-been-changing-due-to-humanizing-landscapes/) - QUES . How far do you agree that the behavior of the Indian monsoon has been changing due to humanizing landscapes? Discuss. UPSC 2015 G S MAINS PAPER 1
- [How does the cryosphere affect global climate?](https://fotisedu.com/how-does-the-cryosphere-affect-global-climate/) - Feedback loop : Ice melts- decreasing albedo- increasing temperature-more ice melts. Cryosphere has direct and indirect bearing on the global climate.
- [Constitutional and legal provisions regarding protection of child rights in India](https://fotisedu.com/constitutional-and-legal-provisions-regarding-protection-of-child-rights-in-india/) - PRACTICE QUES . Discuss about the various constitutional and legal provisions regarding protection of child rights in India.
- [North Eastern Council (NEC) : Formation, Composition and Role](https://fotisedu.com/north-eastern-council-nec-formation-composition-and-role/) - UPSC Prelims 2024QUES . The North Eastern Council (NEC) was established by the North Eastern Council Act, 1971... comprises which of the following members?
- [Calendar and Leap Years](https://fotisedu.com/calendar-and-leap-years/) - Calendar and Leap Years , Solar calendar , Lunar calendar, luni-solar calendar , sidereal calendar , century rule , Gregorian and Julian calendar .
- [AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY - DECLINE - CAUSES AND EFFECTS](https://fotisedu.com/agricultural-productivity-decline-causes-and-effects/) - This article is about decline in agricultural productivity , causes and effects of decline in agricultural productivity , associated hunger migration and ......
- [Clouds - core and basic types](https://fotisedu.com/clouds-core-and-basic-types/) - UPSC 2002 QUES. Sun's halo is produced by the refraction of light in: (a) water vapour in Stratus clouds (b) ice crystals in Cirro-Cumulus clouds (c) ice.....
- [Amazing facts about clouds](https://fotisedu.com/amazing-facts-about-clouds/) - If the sky is blue, why are clouds white? Why clouds appear and disappear? How do clouds stay in the sky and don’t fall to the ground? What are clouds made of?
- [Why cyclones hit the east coast of India often in October?](https://fotisedu.com/why-cyclones-hit-the-east-coast-of-india-often-in-october/) - Low wind shear with surface sea temperatures greater than 26°C raises the chances of cyclones. In monsoon season, cyclones are rare because of high wind shear.
- [Mantle plumes](https://fotisedu.com/mantle-plumes/) - UPSC 2018 GS MAINS PAPER I , 150 words, 10 Marks . QUES . Define mantle plume and explain its role in plate tectonics...... Mantle plumes
- [Leader of the Opposition- Recognition, Role and Functions](https://fotisedu.com/leader-of-the-opposition-recognition-role-and-functions/) - Consider the following statements: 1 . In the first Lok Sabha, the single largest party in the opposition was the Swatantra Party. 2 . In the Lok Sabha, a
- ['Scheduled Areas' in India](https://fotisedu.com/scheduled-areas-in-india/) - With reference to 'Scheduled Areas' in India, consider the following statements: 1. Within a State, the notification of an area as Scheduled Area takes place..
- [Issues and solutions related to Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe populations in India](https://fotisedu.com/issues-and-solutions-related-to-scheduled-caste-and-scheduled-tribe-populations-in-india/) - QUES . Discuss the issues and solutions related to the Scheduled Caste and the Scheduled Tribe populations in India.
- [World Water Development Report - a report on water and sanitation issues](https://fotisedu.com/world-water-development-report-a-report-on-water-and-sanitation-issues/) - Who produces and publishes the United Nations World Water Development Report? What is United Nations Water (UN-Water)?What is the focus area of the report?
- [Global distribution of temperature](https://fotisedu.com/global-distribution-of-temperature/) - UPSC 2024 QUES . Which of the following is/are correct inference/inferences from isothermal maps in the month of january? 1 . The isotherms deviate to the north
- [Bharatiya Beej Sahkari Samiti Limited (BBSSL)](https://fotisedu.com/bharatiya-beej-sahkari-samiti-limited-bbssl/) - What are the objectives and benefits of setting Bharatiya Beej Sahkari Samiti Limited (BBSSL)? What are the key challenges to seed sector in India?
- [Assessment of groundwater resources](https://fotisedu.com/assessment-of-groundwater-resources/) - UPSC 2020 QUES. Consider the following : 1. 36% of India’s districts are classified as "overexploited” ... 3. India has the largest area under groundwater
- [Cocoa: Climatic conditions, Soil and Production](https://fotisedu.com/cocoa-climatic-conditions-soil-and-production/) - UPSC 2024 QUES. Which of the following countries are well known as the two largest cocoa producers in the world? (a) Algeria and Morocco (b) Botswana and
- [Products of volcanic eruptions](https://fotisedu.com/products-of-volcanic-eruptions/) - UPSC 2024 QUES. Consider the following: 1. Pyroclastic debris 2. Ash .. 3 . Nitrogen c..4. Sulphur c.. How many of the above are products of volcanic eruptions
- [Weathering : Definition, Types and Significance](https://fotisedu.com/weathering-definition-types-and-significance/) - UPSC 2024 QUES. Consider the following statements: Statement-I: Rainfall is one of the reasons for weathering of rocks. Statement-II: Rain water contains carbon
- [North Sea – Location, Bordering countries and key facts](https://fotisedu.com/north-sea-location-bordering-countries-and-key-facts/) - UPSC 2024 QUES. Consider the following countries : 1. Finland 2. Germany 3. Norway 4. Russia. How many of the above countries have a border with the North Sea?
- [List of highest waterfalls in India](https://fotisedu.com/list-of-highest-waterfalls-in-india/) - UPSC 2024QUES . Consider the following information: Waterfall : Region : River 1 . Dhunandhar : Malwa : Narmada 2 . Hundru : Chota Nagpur : Subarnarekha
- [West European Type of Climate or Marine West Coast Climate](https://fotisedu.com/west-european-type-of-climate-or-marine-west-coast-climate/) - UPSC 2024 QUES . Consider the following description: 1. Annual and daily range of temperatures is low. 2 . Precipitation occurs...(d) Marine West coast climate
- [Coriolis Force : Earth’s Rotation and its Impact on Wind Direction](https://fotisedu.com/coriolis-force-earths-rotation-and-its-impact-on-wind-direction/) - UPSC 2024 QUES . With reference to “Coriolis force”, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1 . It increases with increase in wind velocity. 2...
- [Major Stages of the Life Cycle of Stars](https://fotisedu.com/major-stages-of-the-life-cycle-of-stars/) - UPSC 2024 QUES. Consider the following statements: Statement-I: Giant stars live much longer than dwarf stars. Statement-II: Compared to... Life Cycle of Stars
- [Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) was far ahead than Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM)](https://fotisedu.com/civil-disobedience-movement-cdm-was-far-ahead-than-non-cooperation-movement-ncm/) - QUES.Though both Non-Cooperation movement (NCM) and Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) were led by Gandhi and had similar objectives, CDM was far ahead than NCM
- [BIOREMEDIATION - TYPES , ADVANTAGES  & EXAMPLES](https://fotisedu.com/bioremediation-types-advantages-examples/) - UPSC 2017 QUES . In the context of solving pollution problems, what is/are the advantage/advantages of bioremediation technique? 1. It is a technique for ....
- [TRADITIONAL PRACTICES OF WATER CONSERVATION](https://fotisedu.com/traditional-practices-of-water-conservation/) - TRADITIONAL PRACTICES OF WATER CONSERVATION : panikheti , kunds , khadin , johad , tankas , zing , aptani , zabo , bamboo drip irrigation
- [Germline gene therapy](https://fotisedu.com/germline-gene-therapy/) - QUES . Consider the following statements: UPSC 2020 1 . Genetic changes can be introduced in the cells that produce eggs or sperms of a .... gene therapy
- [Carbon nanotube : Properties and Applications](https://fotisedu.com/carbon-nanotube-properties-and-applications/) - QUES. With reference to Carbon nanotube , consider the following statements: UPSC 2020 1. They can be used as carriers of drugs and antigens in the human .
- [Bharatiya Antariksha Station’ (BAS) by 2035 : the challenges ahead](https://fotisedu.com/bharatiya-antariksha-station-bas-by-2035-the-challenges-ahead/) - The establishment of the Bharatiya Antariksha Station holds the promise of significantly enhancing India’s presence in space research and exploration.
- [India plans to have its own space station by 2035](https://fotisedu.com/india-plans-to-have-its-own-space-station-by-2035/) - QUES . What is India’s plan to have its own space station and how will it benefit our space programme? UPSC 2019 GS MAINS PAPER 3. 150 words. 10 Marks
- [Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in India](https://fotisedu.com/pneumococcal-conjugate-vaccines-in-india/) - QUES . What is the importance of using Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in India? 1 . These vaccines are effective against pneumonia as well as meningitis and...
- [Difference between plant and animal cells](https://fotisedu.com/difference-between-plant-and-animal-cells/) - QUES. Which of the following statements are correct regarding the general difference between plant and animal cells? 1. Plant cells have cellulose cell walls...
- [Blockchain Technology](https://fotisedu.com/blockchain-technology/) - UPSC 2020 QUES. With reference to "Blockchain Technology" consider the following statements: 1 . It is a public ledger that everyone we inspect, but which....
- [Blockchain: Working, Uses, Types, Benefits and Limitations](https://fotisedu.com/blockchain-working-uses-types-benefits-and-limitations/) - What is a Blockchain? Properties and elements of a blockchain. How blockchain works? Uses of Blockchain. Types of blockchain networks. Benefits of Blockchains..
- [Money Supply: Definition, Types and Effects](https://fotisedu.com/money-supply-definition-types-and-effects/) - QUES. If you withdraw Rs. 1,00,000 in cash from your Demand Deposit Account at your bank, the immediate effect on aggregate money supply in the economy will be:
- [Labour Bureau – Objectives, Functions and Publications](https://fotisedu.com/labour-bureau-objectives-functions-and-publications/) - QUES . In India, which one of the following compiles information on industrial disputes, closures, retrenchments and lay-offs ... UPSC 2022... (c) Labour Bureau
- [How poverty among employed, underscores the need for a new strategy on job creation?](https://fotisedu.com/how-poverty-among-employed-underscores-the-need-for-a-new-strategy-on-job-creation/) - Global Employment Trends for Youth 2022 by the International Labour Organization (ILO),Globally, 75 per cent of employed youth are in informal employment.
- [Windfall tax - Definition, Purpose, Calculation, Impact](https://fotisedu.com/windfall-tax-definition-purpose-calculation-impact/) - What is a windfall tax? Give an example of a windfall tax? When was the Windfall Tax introduced in India? Why are Countries levying windfall tax?
- [Law of Demand](https://fotisedu.com/law-of-demand/) - QUES. Consider the following statements: UPSC 2021 Other things remaining unchanged, market demand for a good might increase if 1.price of .....Law of Demand
- [Difference between Money Market and Capital Market](https://fotisedu.com/difference-between-money-market-and-capital-market/) - The money market deal in debt of less than one year. Whereas the capital market is dedicated to the sale and purchase of long-term debt and equity instruments.
- [Definition and Types of Money Market Instruments](https://fotisedu.com/definition-and-types-of-money-market-instruments/) - QUES. With reference to the Indian economy, “Collateral Borrowing and Lending Obligations” are the instruments of: UPSC 2024 ........ (c) Money market
- [Money Market : Classification, Instruments, Significance, Advantages and Disadvantages](https://fotisedu.com/money-market-classification-instruments-significance-advantages-and-disadvantages/) - QUES. With reference to the Indian economy, “Collateral Borrowing and Lending Obligations” are the instruments of: UPSC 2024 ..... (c) Money market
- [Charter Act of 1833 - the final step towards centralisation](https://fotisedu.com/charter-act-of-1833-the-final-step-towards-centralisation/) - QUES . By which one of the following Acts was the Governor General of Bengal designated as the Governor General of India? UPSC 2023 (d) The Charter Act of 1833
- [How the Election Commission of India ensures smooth conduct of elections?](https://fotisedu.com/how-the-election-commission-of-india-ensures-smooth-conduct-of-elections/) - QUES . Discuss how the Election Commission of India ensures smooth conduct of elections. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2014 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Inner Party Democracy in Political Parties: Significance, Challenges and Steps](https://fotisedu.com/inner-party-democracy-in-political-parties-significance-challenges-and-steps/) - QUES . What is the significance of Inner Party Democracy in political parties ? How could it be ensured in our political system? UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2018
- [Why drought is one of the most common climatic extremes in India?](https://fotisedu.com/why-drought-is-one-of-the-most-common-climatic-extremes-in-india/) - Reasons for drought as the most common climatic extreme in India. How drought can be mitigated? Rainwater Harvesting; Sustainable Agricultural Practices: .....
- [Why are the farmers of India still haunted by recurrence of drought and flood despite river valley planning?](https://fotisedu.com/why-are-the-farmers-of-india-still-haunted-by-recurrence-of-drought-and-flood-despite-river-valley-planning/) - QUES . Why are the farmers of India still haunted by the recurrence of drought and flood despite river valley planning? UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2022 General Studies
- [Major cities of India are becoming vulnerable to flood conditions.](https://fotisedu.com/major-cities-of-india-are-becoming-vulnerable-to-flood-conditions/) - Major cities of India are becoming vulnerable to flood conditions. Discuss. UPSC 2016 MAINS GS PAPER I
- [Why Assam is prone to floods and what’s the solution?](https://fotisedu.com/why-assam-is-prone-to-floods-and-whats-the-solution/) - Brahmaputra features among the world’s top five rivers in terms of discharge as well as the sediment it brings. Basin-wide approach. Flood-plain zoning.
- [Steps for augmentation, conservation and efficient management of water resources in India](https://fotisedu.com/steps-for-augmentation-conservation-and-efficient-management-of-water-resources-in-india/) - National Water Mission, Sahi Fasal campaign, Jal Jeevan Mission, AMRUT, Jal Shakti Abhiyan, Mission Amrit Sarovar, Atal Bhujal Yojana,Har Khet Ko Pani , PMKSY
- [Carbon sequestration](https://fotisedu.com/carbon-sequestration/) - What is carbon sequestration?, What is biological carbon sequestration?, What is geological carbon sequestration?, What is Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)?
- [Carbon neutral and net zero](https://fotisedu.com/carbon-neutral-and-net-zero/) - What’s the difference between carbon neutral and net zero? What is Carbon offsetting? How carbon offsetting can be done? What is a carbon sink?
- [Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 - Objective, Schedules,Amendments and Jurisdiction](https://fotisedu.com/wildlife-protection-act-1972-objective-schedulesamendments-and-jurisdiction/) - Why did the Government of India enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972? The Government of India enacted Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 to effectively protect the wild life of the country and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives. What type of organisms are protected under Wild Life (Protection) Act
- [Green energy](https://fotisedu.com/green-energy/) - What’s the difference between green energy and renewable energy? What's the difference between green energy and clean energy? Benefits of clean energy.
- [Urban Heat Island (UHI)](https://fotisedu.com/urban-heat-island-uhi/) - Bring out the causes for the formation of heat islands in the urban habitat of the world.UPSC 2013 What are the ways to reduce the impact of urban heat island?
- [Emperor penguin - the tallest and heaviest living penguin species](https://fotisedu.com/emperor-penguin-the-tallest-and-heaviest-living-penguin-species/) - What are the causes for an increased risk to emperor penguin species? How the role of stable sea ice in the emperor penguin breeding cycle is crucial?
- [Halari Donkey](https://fotisedu.com/halari-donkey/) - What are the important features of Halari donkey milk? What are the important features of Halari donkey? Halari Donkey are mostly found in which region?
- [Early Warnings For All Initiative (EW4All)](https://fotisedu.com/early-warnings-for-all-initiative-ew4all/) - What is EW4All initiative? What are the EW4All’s four Multi-Hazard Early Warning System pillars? When was Early Warnings For All Initiative (EW4All) launched?
- [NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL – Establishment, Purpose, Structure, Members, Powers](https://fotisedu.com/national-green-tribunal-establishment-purpose-structure-members-powers/) - PURPOSE OF NGT; STRUCTURE OF NGT; MEMBERS OF NGT; POWERS OF NGT; NON - COMPLIANCE OF AN NGT ORDER; PROCEDURE FOLLOWED DURING HEARING OF CASES IN NGT
- [Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules 2016 and Amendment 2018](https://fotisedu.com/bio-medical-waste-management-rules-2016-and-amendment-2018/) - Salient features of Bio-medical Waste Management Rules, 2016; Salient features of Bio-Medical Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2018
- [Bio-medical Waste - Definition and Categories](https://fotisedu.com/bio-medical-waste-definition-and-categories/) - What is bio-medical waste? What are the different categorises of bio-medical waste? What does bio-medical waste consists of? Why biomedical waste is a hazard?
- [GAS HYDRATES AND GLOBAL WARMING](https://fotisedu.com/gas-hydrates-and-global-warming/) - WHAT ARE GAS HYDRATES? Expected Impact of Warming Climate on Methane Hydrate Deposits. One cubic foot of methane hydrate traps 164 cubic feet of methane gas.
- [Solar radiation management/Solar Geo-engineering](https://fotisedu.com/solar-radiation-management-solar-geo-engineering/) - Proposed forms of solar radiation management. Advantages of solar radiation management. Limitations of solar radiation management
- [SOUTH ASIA WILDLIFE ENFORCEMENT NETWORK (SAWEN)](https://fotisedu.com/south-asia-wildlife-enforcement-network-sawen/) - What is SAWEN? Which countries are members of SAWEN? What are the objectives of SAWEN? What are the focus areas of SAWEN? Why SAWEN was established?
- [COAL BED METHANE - CHARACTERISTICS , EXTRACTION AND PROSPECTS](https://fotisedu.com/coal-bed-methane-characteristics-extraction-and-prospects/) - What is Coal Bed Methane (CBM)?What are the prospects of Coal Bed Methane (CBM) in India? How Coal Bed Methane (CBM) is extracted?How CBM) is created?
- [SOIL HEALTH CARD SCHEME](https://fotisedu.com/soil-health-card-scheme/) - Consider the following statements : UPSC 2017 The nation-wide ‘Soil Health Card Scheme’ aims at 1 . Expanding the cultivable area under irrigation. 2 .
- [PET COKE](https://fotisedu.com/pet-coke/) - What is petcoke? How petroleum coke is produced? What is green petroleum coke? What is calcined petroleum coke (CPC)? What are the uses of petroleum coke?
- [Global Declaration of River Dolphins by 2030](https://fotisedu.com/global-declaration-of-river-dolphins-by-2030/) - Other than poaching, what are the possible reasons for decline in the population of Ganges River Dolphins?Which one of the following is the national aquatic...
- [M-STRIPES](https://fotisedu.com/m-stripes/) - The term M-STRIPES is sometimes seen in the news in the context of : UPSC 2017 (a)Captive breeding of Wild Fauna (b) Maintenance of Tiger Reserves .......
- [Keibul Lamjao National Park- a swamp with floating vegetation](https://fotisedu.com/keibul-lamjao-national-park-a-swamp-with-floating-vegetation/) - Which of the following National Parks is unique in being a swamp with floating vegetation that supports a rich biodiversity?(a) Bhitarkanika National Park(b)..
- [Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA)](https://fotisedu.com/indian-renewable-energy-development-agency-limited-ireda/) - With reference to the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA), which of the following statements is/are correct? 1.It is a Public Limited...
- [Bio toilets- Working and End products](https://fotisedu.com/bio-toilets-working-and-end-products/) - With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider the following statements: 1. The decomposition of human waste in the bio-toilets is...
- [Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016](https://fotisedu.com/solid-waste-management-rules-2016/) - As per the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 in India, which one of the following statements is correct? (a) Waste generator has to segregate waste into...
- [ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, 1986](https://fotisedu.com/environment-protection-act-1986/) - Consider the following statements: The Environment Protection Act, 1986 empowers the Government of India to:1 . state the requirement of public participation..
- [Carbon fertilization](https://fotisedu.com/carbon-fertilization/) - Which of the following statements best describes "carbon fertilization"?(a) Increased plant growth due to increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the
- [Plant modifications in desert areas](https://fotisedu.com/plant-modifications-in-desert-areas/) - Which of the following leaf modifications occur(s) in the desert areas to inhabit water loss?1. Hard and waxy leaves 2. Tiny leaves 3. Thorns instead of leaves
- [Green Climate Fund](https://fotisedu.com/green-climate-fund/) - Which of the following statements regarding ‘Green Climate Fund’ is/are correct?1. It is intended to assist the developing countries in adaptation and
- [Importance of Biological Diversity](https://fotisedu.com/importance-of-biological-diversity/) - Biodiversity forms the basis for human existence in the following ways:1. Soil formation 2. Prevention of soil erosion 3. Recycling of waste 4. Pollination of
- [Bhitarkanika National Park](https://fotisedu.com/bhitarkanika-national-park/) - Two important rivers — one with its source in Jharkhand (and known by a different name in Odisha), and another, with its source in Odisha — merge at a place
- [Namdapha National park](https://fotisedu.com/namdapha-national-park/) - Which one of the following National Parks has a climate that varies from tropical to subtropical, temperate and arctic? a) Khangchendzonga National park b)
- [Pakke (Pakhui) Tiger Reserve](https://fotisedu.com/pakke-pakhui-tiger-reserve/) - In which one of the following States is Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary located? (a) Arunachal Pradesh (b) Manipur (c) Meghalaya (d) Nagaland
- [Shrinking of lakes of the world](https://fotisedu.com/shrinking-of-lakes-of-the-world/) - Which of the following has/have shrunk immensely/dried up in the recent past due to human activities?1. Aral Sea 2. Black Sea 3. Lake Baikal Select the correct
- [Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety](https://fotisedu.com/cartagena-protocol-on-biosafety/) - Consider the following pairs: Terms sometimes seen in the news-Their origin 1. Annex—I Countries - Cartagena Protocol2. Certified Emissions Reductions - Nagoya
- [Global Climate Change Alliance](https://fotisedu.com/global-climate-change-alliance/) - With reference to ‘Global Climate Change Alliance’, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1 . It is an initiative of the European Union.
- [Biodiversity Management Committee](https://fotisedu.com/biodiversity-management-committee/) - Consider the following statements : 1 . In India, the Biodiversity Management committees are key to the realization of the objectives of Nagoya Protocol.
- [Progress made by India in access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy](https://fotisedu.com/progress-made-by-india-in-access-to-affordable-reliable-sustainable-and-modern-energy/) - Access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy is the sine qua non to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)...UPSC 2018 GS MAINS PAPER III
- [Green Hydrogen and its uses](https://fotisedu.com/green-hydrogen-and-its-uses/) - With reference to green hydrogen, Consider the following statements : 1 . It can be used directly as a fuel for internal combustion. 2 . It can be blended
- [Barda Wildlife Sanctuary - the second home for Asiatic lions in Gujarat](https://fotisedu.com/barda-wildlife-sanctuary-the-second-home-for-asiatic-lions-in-gujarat/) - Who are Maldharis? Search for the second wild home of Gir Asiatic lions. Asiatic Lions- the pride of Gujarat.Project Lion. Barda wildlife sanctuary
- [Crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources](https://fotisedu.com/crisis-of-availability-of-and-access-to-freshwater-resources/) - QUES . Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources? UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I, 150 words, 10 Marks
- [Micro-watershed development projects](https://fotisedu.com/micro-watershed-development-projects/) - QUES . In what way micro-watershed development projects help in water conservation in drought-prone and semi-arid regions of India? UPSC 2016 GS MAINS PAPER I,
- [Longer , more intense and frequent heat waves over the Indian subcontinent](https://fotisedu.com/longer-more-intense-and-frequent-heat-waves-over-the-indian-subcontinent/) - QUES.“Heat waves are expected to become longer and more intense and frequent over the Indian subcontinent.” Examine the statement. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2023
- [Factors for landslides in the mountain ecosystem](https://fotisedu.com/factors-for-landslides-in-the-mountain-ecosystem/) - QUES . Enumerate the factors responsible for high frequency and magnitude of landslide in the mountain ecosystem.UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2022 General Studies .
- [Pros and cons of infrastructural development in the coastal zone](https://fotisedu.com/pros-and-cons-of-infrastructural-development-in-the-coastal-zone/) - QUES . What are the pros and cons of infrastructural development in the coastal zone? UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2022 General Studies . 200 Words . 5 Marks
- [Conservation of biodiversity assures sustenance of the livelihood of people](https://fotisedu.com/conservation-of-biodiversity-assures-sustenance-of-the-livelihood-of-people/) - QUES. How does the conservation of biodiversity, especially in the humid tropics, assure the sustenance of the livelihood of the people below the poverty line?
- [Adverse affect of climate change on countries dependent on agriculture](https://fotisedu.com/adverse-affect-of-climate-change-on-countries-dependent-on-agriculture/) - QUES."Climate change is likely to adversely affect certain countries dependent on agriculture." Examine this statement by citing relevant examples.UPSC IES/ISS
- ["Degradation of forest resources and wildlife is a fallout of agriculture and urbanization."](https://fotisedu.com/degradation-of-forest-resources-and-wildlife-is-a-fallout-of-agriculture-and-urbanization/) - QUES . "Degradation of forest resources and wildlife is a fallout of agriculture and urbanization." Assess this statement giving examples from India.
- [Factors responsible for soil pollution](https://fotisedu.com/factors-responsible-for-soil-pollution/) - QUES . Write the various factors responsible for soil pollution. How organic and natural farming can play role in minimizing soil pollution?
- [Shifting cultivation : livelihood concerns and environmental degradation](https://fotisedu.com/shifting-cultivation-livelihood-concerns-and-environmental-degradation/) - QUES . How can a balance be struck between livelihood concerns and environmental degradation in the context of shifting cultivation?
- [Micro-Irrigation Systems and their advantages](https://fotisedu.com/micro-irrigation-systems-and-their-advantages/) - QUES . Discuss Micro-Irrigation Systems and their advantages in Indian Agriculture.
- [Relevance of Integrated Nutrient Management in sustainable agriculture](https://fotisedu.com/relevance-of-integrated-nutrient-management-in-sustainable-agriculture/) - QUES . Discuss the relevance of Integrated Nutrient Management in sustainable agriculture. Describe various types of biofertilizers.
- [Climate change and global food security](https://fotisedu.com/climate-change-and-global-food-security/) - QUES . "Climate change is a serious problem to global food security and poverty eradication". Critically examine.
- [Impact of Forest Rights Act, 2006 on the local forest communities in India](https://fotisedu.com/impact-of-forest-rights-act-2006-on-the-local-forest-communities-in-india/) - QUES . Discuss the impact of Forest Rights Act, 2006 on the local forest communities in India. HINTS: The Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006, is a landmark legislation aimed at recognizing and vesting forest rights and occupation of forestland in the local communities who depend on the forests for their livelihood. The FRA provides a
- [How do the physiography and climate of India explain the biological diversity of the country ?](https://fotisedu.com/how-do-the-physiography-and-climate-of-india-explain-the-biological-diversity-of-the-country/) - How do the physiography and climate of India explain the biological diversity of the country ?
- [Desertification leads to soil desiccation and soil loss](https://fotisedu.com/desertification-leads-to-soil-desiccation-and-soil-loss/) - QUES . The process of desertification leads to soil desiccation and soil loss. Explain.
- [Groundwater contamination in urban landscape of India](https://fotisedu.com/groundwater-contamination-in-urban-landscape-of-india/) - QUES . Groundwater contamination in the fast expanding urban landscape of India appears to have become a major public health issue. Discuss.
- [Plants and animals that exist in a particular ecosystem are those that have been successful in adjusting to their habitat](https://fotisedu.com/plants-and-animals-that-exist-in-a-particular-ecosystem-are-those-that-have-been-successful-in-adjusting-to-their-habitat/) - QUES . Plants and animals that exist in a particular ecosystem are those that have been successful in adjusting to their habitat and environmental conditions.
- [High-altitude environmental hazards](https://fotisedu.com/high-altitude-environmental-hazards/) - QUES . What are the high-altitude environmental hazards ? Explain with suitable examples. Hypoxia; Extreme temperatures; High winds; Solar radiation......
- [Ecological significance of mangroves](https://fotisedu.com/ecological-significance-of-mangroves/) - QUES . Discuss the ecological significance of mangroves on tropical estuaries. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2014 General Studies . 200 Words . 5 Marks
- [Sequential changes in land use and land cover have brought global and regional ecological changes and imbalances](https://fotisedu.com/sequential-changes-in-land-use-and-land-cover-have-brought-global-and-regional-ecological-changes-and-imbalances/) - QUES . Sequential changes in land use and land cover have brought global and regional ecological changes and imbalances. Elucidate.
- [Ecosystem and its components](https://fotisedu.com/ecosystem-and-its-components/) - QUES . Define ecosystem and describe briefly its various components
- [Indicate the major biotic regions of the world and discuss the ecological aspects of the monsoon region.](https://fotisedu.com/indicate-the-major-biotic-regions-of-the-world-and-discuss-the-ecological-aspects-of-the-monsoon-region/) - QUES . Indicate the major biotic regions of the world and discuss the ecological aspects of the monsoon region.
- [Relevance of ‘watershed’, as an ecosystem](https://fotisedu.com/relevance-of-watershed-as-an-ecosystem/) - QUES . Discuss the relevance of ‘watershed’, as an ecosystem for the purpose of sustainable development.
- [Concept of biosphere as an ecosystem](https://fotisedu.com/concept-of-biosphere-as-an-ecosystem/) - QUES . Write in detail on the concept of biosphere as an ecosystem.
- [Principal land biomes](https://fotisedu.com/principal-land-biomes/) - QUES . Give a brief account of the principal land biomes and their latitudinal distribution.
- [Difference between hazards and disasters](https://fotisedu.com/difference-between-hazards-and-disasters/) - Hazards are natural or human-made events or situations that have the potential to cause harm, damage, or adverse effects.
- [Water Resource Management](https://fotisedu.com/water-resource-management/) - Water resource management refers to the planning, development, distribution, and sustainable use of water resources to meet the current and future needs
- [Relationship between climate and vegetation in the Mountain Biome](https://fotisedu.com/relationship-between-climate-and-vegetation-in-the-mountain-biome/) - QUES . Bring out the relationship between climate and vegetation in the Mountain Biome.
- [Characteristics of ecological succession](https://fotisedu.com/characteristics-of-ecological-succession/) - QUES . Explain the characteristics of ecological succession.
- [Ecological significance of Tropical Rainforest Biome](https://fotisedu.com/ecological-significance-of-tropical-rainforest-biome/) - QUES . Bring out the ecological significance of Tropical Rainforest Biome.
- [Stages of ecological adaptation of man](https://fotisedu.com/stages-of-ecological-adaptation-of-man/) - QUES . Explain the different stages of ecological adaptation of man and bring out the changing balance between man and environment.
- [Does ozone hole leads to global cooling?](https://fotisedu.com/does-ozone-hole-leads-to-global-cooling/) - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) play a role in both global warming and ozone-hole formation. Ozone depletion don’t lead to a further warming of the troposphere
- [Hazards associated with the rising sea-surface temperature](https://fotisedu.com/hazards-associated-with-the-rising-sea-surface-temperature/) - QUES. Discuss the hazards associated with the rising sea-surface temperature. Due to global warming, sea-surface temperatures have risen steadily in last 5 ..
- [Environmentally Important Days](https://fotisedu.com/environmentally-important-days/) - World Wetlands Day , World Wildlife Day , World Water & Sanitation Day , World Earth Day , World Biodiversity Day , World Environment Day , World Population Day
- [System of Rice Intensification (SRI) - more with less](https://fotisedu.com/system-of-rice-intensification-sri-more-with-less/) - System of Rice intensification - Reduced seed requirement , Reduced methane production , Reduced electricity consumption , Principle of SRI ‘More with Less’
- [Rice - source of both methane and nitrous oxide](https://fotisedu.com/rice-source-of-both-methane-and-nitrous-oxide/) - Among the following crops, which one is the most important anthropogenic source of both methane and nitrous oxide? (a) Cotton (b) Rice (c) Sugarcane (d) Wheat
- [M-STrIPES - a software-based monitoring system](https://fotisedu.com/m-stripes-a-software-based-monitoring-system/) - What is M-STrIPES? Objective of M-STrIPES , How M-STrIPES works? How MSTrIPES allow tiger reserve managers to better manage their wildlife resources?
- [Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary - link between Eastern and Western Ghats](https://fotisedu.com/sathyamangalam-wildlife-sanctuary-link-between-eastern-and-western-ghats/) - From the ecological point of view, which one of the following assumes importance in being a good link between the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats?
- [Trade Related Analysis of Fauna and Flora in Commerce (TRAFFIC)](https://fotisedu.com/trade-related-analysis-of-fauna-and-flora-in-commerce-traffic/) - The mission of TRAFFIC is to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature. Headquarters of TRAFFIC
- [Tiger - Global Efforts to Conserve Big Cat](https://fotisedu.com/tiger-global-efforts-to-conserve-big-cat/) - This article is about Global Tiger Forum , Tiger Recovery Programme GTRP , CA|TS , TX2 Awards (TTCA) , Tiger Initiative GTI , St. Petersburg Declarations
- [Causes and consequences of sea-level changes](https://fotisedu.com/causes-and-consequences-of-sea-level-changes/) - QUES . Describe the causes and consequences of sea-level changes.
- [Impact of global warming on coral life system](https://fotisedu.com/impact-of-global-warming-on-coral-life-system/) - QUES . Assess the impact of global warming on coral life system with examples. UPSC 2019 G S MAINS PAPER 1
- [Consequences of spreading of ‘Dead Zones’ on marine ecosystem](https://fotisedu.com/consequences-of-spreading-of-dead-zones-on-marine-ecosystem/) - QUES . What are the consequences of spreading of ‘Dead Zones’ on marine ecosystem?
- [Landslides in the Himalayan region](https://fotisedu.com/landslides-in-the-himalayan-region/) - There are two regions in India which are most vulnerable to landslides - the Himalayas and the Western Ghats. Cause of Landslides in the Himalayan region....
- [Mangroves: depletion and importance](https://fotisedu.com/mangroves-depletion-and-importance/) - QUES. Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining coastal ecology. UPSC 2019 G S MAINS PAPER 1
- [Restoration of mountain ecosystem](https://fotisedu.com/restoration-of-mountain-ecosystem/) - Q.How can the mountain ecosystem be restored from the negative impact of development initiatives and.. UPSC 2019 G S MAINS P1. Restoration of mountain ecosystem
- [Biochar : Production, Properties and Applications](https://fotisedu.com/biochar-production-properties-and-applications/) - QUES. What is the use of biochar in farming? 1. Biochar can be used as a part of the growing medium in vertical farming. 2 . When biochar is a part of the....
- [Measures for conservation and management of ground water](https://fotisedu.com/measures-for-conservation-and-management-of-ground-water/) - Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA); Atal Bhujal Yojana (Atal Jal); Amrit Sarovar Mission; Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA);National Aquifer Mapping Program (NAQUIM)
- [Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) or Biological Oxygen Demand](https://fotisedu.com/biochemical-oxygen-demand-bod-or-biological-oxygen-demand/) - What is Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)? Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a standard criterion for Pollution assay in aquatic ecosystems . Unit of BOD
- [Tiger - Indian Efforts to Conserve the Big Cat](https://fotisedu.com/tiger-indian-efforts-to-conserve-the-big-cat/) - This article is about Project Tiger , National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) , M-STrIPES , Tiger corridors in India , Tiger conservation in India....
- [Vijayanagar Empire - Political History](https://fotisedu.com/vijayanagar-empire-political-history/) - QUES . Consider the following statements: UPSC 2004 1 . Narasimha Saluva ended the Sangama dynasty and seized the throne for himself and..... Vijayanagar Empire
- [Jaina philosophy - Jaina darshan](https://fotisedu.com/jaina-philosophy-jaina-darshan/) - QUES . "Souls are not only the property of animal and plant life, but also of rocks, running water and many other natural .... UPSC 2023.... Jaina philosophy
- [India in the eighth century](https://fotisedu.com/india-in-the-eighth-century/) - Consider the following dynasties: 1Hoysala 2Gahadavala 3Kakatiya 4Yadava How many of above dynasties established their kingdoms in early eighth century AD?
- [Vattakirutal - fasting facing north](https://fotisedu.com/vattakirutal-fasting-facing-north/) - QUES . Which one of the following explains the practice of 'Vattakirutal' as mentioned in Sangam poems? UPSC 2023 (a) Kings employing women bodyguards (b) ...
- [Ports of ancient India](https://fotisedu.com/ports-of-ancient-india/) - Ports of ancient India QUES . With reference to ancient South India, Korkai, Poompuhar and Muchiri were well known as: UPSC 2023 (a) capital cities (b) ports...
- [Stupa - origin and structure](https://fotisedu.com/stupa-origin-and-structure/) - Does the concept of stupa has Buddhist origin?During the period of which ruler the art of stupas reached its climax?Stupa was generally a repository of relics.
- [Fire temple - the place of worship for Zoroastrians](https://fotisedu.com/fire-temple-the-place-of-worship-for-zoroastrians/) - How are fire temple classified and named? Atash Dadgah, Atash Adaran, Atash Behram, Udvada,What are the agents of ritual purity in Zoroastrian religion?
- [Four primary sites of Buddhist pilgrimage](https://fotisedu.com/four-primary-sites-of-buddhist-pilgrimage/) - Buddhist pilgrimage Lumbini - birthplace of Buddha, Kushinagar - Buddha attained parinirvana, Sarnath - Buddha’s first sermon, Bodh Gaya - where Buddha attained
- [Guru Gobind Singh - The Tenth Nanak](https://fotisedu.com/guru-gobind-singh-the-tenth-nanak/) - Guru Gobind Singh,Guru Teg Bahadur,Patna Sahib,Anandpur Sahib,Nahan,Paonta Sahib Gurudwara,Battle of Bhangani,Panj Pyaare, Khalsa,Five 'K's,battle of Muktsar
- [Lingayatism - a distinct Shaivite religious tradition](https://fotisedu.com/lingayatism-a-distinct-shaivite-religious-tradition/) - Who founded Lingayatism? In which regions Lingayatism is influential? Why some Lingayats have sought recognition of Lingayatism as distinct from Hinduism?
- [Prominent Buddhist centres of ancient India](https://fotisedu.com/prominent-buddhist-centres-of-ancient-india/) - Buddhist centres - Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, Kushinagar, Amravati stupa, Tawang Monastery, Rajgir, Vaishali, Nalanda, Topra, Dharamshala, Aichi Monastery....
- [Architecture at Fatehpur Sikri](https://fotisedu.com/architecture-at-fatehpur-sikri/) - Fatehpur Sikri, Buland Darwaza, Birbal's House, Hiran Minar, Panch Mahal, Pachisi Court, Mariam-uz-Zamani's Palace, Anup Talao, Naubat Khana, Diwan-i-Khas....
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- [UPSC MAINS 2023 GS PAPER I](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2023-gs-paper-i/) - 1. Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India. UPSC MAINS 2023 GS PAPER I 2 . What was the difference between Mahatma...
- [How British imperial power complicated the process of transfer of power during the 1940s?](https://fotisedu.com/how-british-imperial-power-complicated-the-process-of-transfer-of-power-during-the-1940s/) - QUES . Assess the role of British imperial power in complicating the process of transfer of power during the 1940s. UPSC 2019 GS MAINS PAPER 1. 250 words.
- [Many voices had strengthened and enriched the nationalist movement during the Gandhian phase](https://fotisedu.com/many-voices-had-strengthened-and-enriched-the-nationalist-movement-during-the-gandhian-phase/) - QUES . Many voices had strengthened and enriched the nationalist movement during the Gandhian phase. Elaborate. UPSC 2019 GS MAINS PAPER 1. 250 words. 15 Marks
- [August Offer – Proposals, Responses and Evaluation](https://fotisedu.com/august-offer-proposals-responses-and-evaluation/) - What were the proposals under August Offer? What were the different responses to August Offer? Evaluation of August Offer
- [Individual Satyagraha – the individual civil disobedience](https://fotisedu.com/individual-satyagraha-the-individual-civil-disobedience/) - QUES . In the 'Individual Satyagraha', Vinoba Bhave was chosen as the first Satyagrahi. Who was the second? (a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (b) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
- [Government of India Act of 1858 - Act for the Good Government of India](https://fotisedu.com/government-of-india-act-of-1858-act-for-the-good-government-of-india/) - Government of India Act of 1858, Lord Canning became the first Viceroy; It ended the system of double Government by abolishing the Board of Control and Court...
- [Geographical indication(GI) tagging – Purpose, Criteria and Significance](https://fotisedu.com/geographical-indicationgi-tagging-purpose-criteria-and-significance/) - Q. India enacted The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection)Act,1999 in order to comply with obligations to: UPSC 2018 a. ILO ....
- [Hoysala Temples - the UNESCO World Heritage site](https://fotisedu.com/hoysala-temples-the-unesco-world-heritage-site/) - Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysala — the famed Hoysala temples of Belur, Halebid and Somananthpura in Karnataka are in the UNESCO World Heritage list
- [Evolution of Temple architecture in South India](https://fotisedu.com/evolution-of-temple-architecture-in-south-india/) - QUES . Trace the evolution of Temple architecture in South India. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2021. General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Banni festival](https://fotisedu.com/banni-festival/) - A traditional stick fight festival, known as Banni festival, is celebrated at Devaragattu village in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. Victory of Lord Mala..
- [Kalamkari Paintings - a continuous legacy](https://fotisedu.com/kalamkari-paintings-a-continuous-legacy/) - QUES. Kalamkari paintings refers to: UPSC 2015 (a) hand-painted cotton textile in South India (b) a handmade drawing on bamboo handicrafts in North-East India
- [Bani Thani Painting](https://fotisedu.com/bani-thani-painting/) - QUES . The well-known painting "Bani Thani" belongs to the: UPSC 2018 (a) Bundi school (b) Jaipur school (c) Kangra school (d) Kishangarh school
- [Catholics vs Protestants](https://fotisedu.com/catholics-vs-protestants/) - Catholics, Roman Catholicism, Birth of Protestantism, Catholics vs Protestants, Magisterium or the pope, Protestants acknowledge saints, but don’t pray to them.
- [Brihadisvara Temple - Meru of the South](https://fotisedu.com/brihadisvara-temple-meru-of-the-south/) - When and who built Brihadisvara Temple?Brihadisvara Temple is situated on the bank of which river?In which architectural style Brihadisvara Temple is built?
- [Swadesh Darshan Scheme](https://fotisedu.com/swadesh-darshan-scheme/) - Swadesh Darshan Scheme launched in 2014-15,OBJECTIVES OF SWADESH DARSHAN SCHEME, TOURIST CIRCUIT?Swadesh Darshan 2.0 focuses on destination management
- [Vande Mataram](https://fotisedu.com/vande-mataram/) - In which language Vande Mataram was originally written? When Constituent Assembly of India adopted Vande Mataram as the Republic's national song?
- [Bharatanatyam - the oldest classical dance heritage of India](https://fotisedu.com/bharatanatyam-the-oldest-classical-dance-heritage-of-india/) - Bharatnatyam, HISTORICAL TEXTUAL MATERIAL OF BHARATNATYAM, BHARATNATYAM AND DEVADASI CULTURE, ELEMENTS OF BHARATNATYAM, IMPORTANT EXPONENTS OF BHARATNATYAM
- [Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar](https://fotisedu.com/dr-babasaheb-ambedkar/) - Babasaheb Ambedkar- first law minister of independent India, principal architect of the Constitution, Mahar , Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha, Manusmriti Dahan Din
- [Constructive Program of Mahatma Gandhi](https://fotisedu.com/constructive-program-of-mahatma-gandhi/) - Constructive Program is a term coined by Mahatma Gandhi, Elements of Constructive Program, Relevance of Constructive Program in Contemporary nonviolent struggle
- [Land Revenue Reforms of Sher Shah Suri](https://fotisedu.com/land-revenue-reforms-of-sher-shah-suri/) - MERITS OF LAND REVENUE SYSTEM OF SHER SHAH SURI, Sikandari Gaj, Rai, Polaj, Parauti, Amins, Maqadam, Shiqdars, Qanungos, Patwaris,Kabuliyat, Patta, Muhasilans,
- [Foundation of Mughal rule in India](https://fotisedu.com/foundation-of-mughal-rule-in-india/) - Mughal rule, battle of Panipat (1526), Babur and the Afghan Chieftains, Babur and the Rajput Kingdoms, Battle of Khanwa, Daulat Khan Lodi, a rebel
- [Jagir system under the Mughals](https://fotisedu.com/jagir-system-under-the-mughals/) - JAGIR SYSTEM AS A FOLLOW UP OF IQTA SYSTEM, WAJH SYSTEM DURING BABUR, JAGIR SYSTEM DURING AKBAR, TYPES OF JAGIRS, MANAGEMENT OF JAGIRS
- [Mansab system under the Mughals](https://fotisedu.com/mansab-system-under-the-mughals/) - MEANING OF MANSAB, ZAT AND SAWAR, CLASSES OF MANSABDARS, MASHRUT, DO ASPA SIH ASPA, DAGH AND CHEHRA,SYSTEM OF ESCHEAT, APPOINTMENT AND PROMOTION OF MANSABDARS
- [Kanishka - greatest Kushan king](https://fotisedu.com/kanishka-greatest-kushan-king/) - Era started by King Kanishka is known as the Sakabda or Saka era.Kanishka's coins portray images of Indian, Greek, Iranian and even Sumero-Elamite divinities
- [Harappan society](https://fotisedu.com/harappan-society/) - QUES . Which of the following characterize/characterizes the people of the Indus Valley Civilisation? UPSC 2013 (1) They possessed great palaces and temples
- [How Cold War was a peace time unarmed warfare?](https://fotisedu.com/mtm-3-cold-war-was-a-peace-time-unarmed-warfare-comment/) - Cold War has been described as “peace time unarmed warfare”. Psychological warfare. Cold war was a clash between two ideologies. Cominform .‘Voice of America’
- [Warli painting - a secular art form](https://fotisedu.com/warli-painting-a-secular-art-form/) - Do Warli paintings have GI status? What are the subjects of Warli painting ? What are the special occasions when Warli paintings are made? By gond and kol tribe
- [Kalighat paintings - first works of art from Bengal](https://fotisedu.com/kalighat-paintings-first-works-of-art-from-bengal/) - What type of colours are used in Kalighat paintings? What are the subjects of Kalighat painting? What is the present status of Kalighat painting? Patua painters
- [Phad Paintings - a type of scroll painting](https://fotisedu.com/phad-paintings-a-type-of-scroll-painting/) - Phad Paintings ,scroll painting ,Bhilwara , Bhopas ,What are the subjects of phad painting? What are the main themes of phad paintings? Pabuji and Devnarayan
- [Mithila painting - the Madhubani folk art](https://fotisedu.com/mithila-painting-the-madhubani-folk-art/) - What are the subjects of Mithila painting? On what occasions Mithila paintings are made? status of Madhubani folk art, Madhubani painting has received GI status
- [Contribution of Jainism towards society, language and art](https://fotisedu.com/contribution-of-jainism-towards-society-language-and-art/) - Contribution of Jainism towards society, Contribution of Jainism towards language, Contribution of Jainism towards sculpture
- [Significance and Influence of Buddhism](https://fotisedu.com/significance-and-influence-of-buddhism/) - Contribution of Buddhism towards upliftment of women and shudras;Contribution of Buddhism towards art of ancient India;Contribution of Buddhism towards language
- [Quit India Movement – Causes and Nature](https://fotisedu.com/quit-india-movement-causes-and-nature/) - QUES . When and where was the Quit India Resolution passed? Analyze the causes and nature of this movement. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2021 General Studies. 200 Words.
- [Why China attacked India in 1962?](https://fotisedu.com/why-china-attacked-india-in-1962/) - The conflict of 1962 between India and China, centred primarily on the disputed Aksai Chin region rs. Panchsheel Agreement with China in 1954
- [Indo-Pakistan war of 1971 : The Bangladesh Liberation War](https://fotisedu.com/indo-pakistan-war-of-1971-the-bangladesh-liberation-war/) - The emergence of Bangladesh as an independent nation on December 16, 1971....... Simla agreement was signed on July 2, 1972. Indo-Pakistan war of 1971
- [How was the controversial McMahon Line responsible for the Indo-China War of 1962?](https://fotisedu.com/how-was-the-controversial-mcmahon-line-responsible-for-the-indo-china-war-of-1962/) - QUES . How was the controversial McMahon Line responsible for the Indo-China War of 1962? UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2014 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Why and how Gandhiji's ideas and philosophy are relevant in the 21st century?](https://fotisedu.com/why-and-how-gandhijis-ideas-and-philosophy-are-relevant-in-the-21st-century/) - QUES . Critically explain that Gandhiji's ideas and philosophy are relevant and practicable in the 21st century. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2019. General Studies.
- [QUAD : origin, membership, objectives and significance](https://fotisedu.com/quad-origin-membership-objectives-and-significance/) - QUES . Discuss the origin, membership, development and objectives of ‘QUAD’. What is its significance for India?
- [Geopolitical significance of Quad in the Indo-Pacific realm](https://fotisedu.com/geopolitical-significance-of-quad-in-the-indo-pacific-realm/) - QUES . Discuss the geopolitical significance of Quad in the Indo-Pacific realm with reference to marine trade in the region.
- [International Solar Alliance](https://fotisedu.com/international-solar-alliance/) - When was International Solar Alliance (ISA) formed? Where is the headquarters of the International Solar alliance? What is Global Solar Atlas?
- [United Nations Convention against Torture](https://fotisedu.com/united-nations-convention-against-torture/) - 26 June is International Day in Support of Victims of Torture. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
- [World Justice Project Rule of Law Index](https://fotisedu.com/world-justice-project-rule-of-law-index/) - "Rule of Law Index " is released by which of the following? UPSC 2018 (a) Amnesty International (b) International Court of Justice (c) The Office of UN.....
- [International Labour Organization’s Conventions 138 and 182](https://fotisedu.com/international-labour-organizations-conventions-138-and-182/) - QUES . International Labour Organization’s Conventions 138 and 182 are related to: UPSC 2018 a . Child labour b . Adaptation of agriculture practices to global
- [International Court of Justice](https://fotisedu.com/international-court-of-justice/) - When was International Court of Justice (ICJ) established?,Where is the seat of ICJ?,How many judges are in ICJ?, Are judges of ICJ eligible for re-election?
- [Nuclear non-proliferation treaty](https://fotisedu.com/nuclear-non-proliferation-treaty/) - What is Nuclear non-proliferation treaty? When NPT came into force? How many countries have never accepted the NPT? What are the three pillars of NPT?
- [Evolution of Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)](https://fotisedu.com/evolution-of-comprehensive-nuclear-test-ban-treaty-ctbt/) - United States conducted the world’s first successful nuclear weapons test in 1945.Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT). 1963 Limited Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (LTBT)
- [String of pearl theory](https://fotisedu.com/string-of-pearl-theory/) - String of pearl is a geopolitical theory on potential Chinese intentions in the Indian Ocean region.INDIA'S REPLY - IRON CURTAIN
- [Border dispute between India and China](https://fotisedu.com/border-dispute-between-india-and-china/) - What is the origin of the border dispute between India and China? What is the Line of Actual Control (LAC)? What is the McMahon Line?
- [Belt and Road Initiative - One Belt One Road](https://fotisedu.com/belt-and-road-initiative-one-belt-one-road/) - What is Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)? What Is the Silk Route? Why is India unwilling to join OBOR? What is the importance of OBOR’s initiative for China?
- [Rise of the People's Republic of China (PRC) as a great power and its implications](https://fotisedu.com/rise-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china-prc-as-a-great-power-and-its-implications/) - QUES . Critically examine the rise of the People's Republic of China (PRC) as a great power and its implications on the Asian Political order.
- [Opportunities and challenges for India as a member of SCO](https://fotisedu.com/opportunities-and-challenges-for-india-as-a-member-of-sco/) - The SCO comprises ten Member States (Belarus, China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) and two Observer States
- [India - China Trade Gap](https://fotisedu.com/india-china-trade-gap/) - How does China reject Indian products? Suggestions for decreasing India - China Trade Gap, Trade deficit between India and China has increased enormously.
- [Financial suitability of Urban local bodies](https://fotisedu.com/financial-suitability-of-urban-local-bodies/) - QUES . "The financial suitability of the Urban local bodies can become a reality only when they receive their due share of public finances." Explain.
- [Parliamentary control over administration is no substitute for judicial control](https://fotisedu.com/parliamentary-control-over-administration-is-no-substitute-for-judicial-control/) - QUES. Parliamentary control over administration is no substitute for judicial control. Comment... While both parliamentary and judicial control is essential in
- [What are the methods used by farmers organizations to influence the policy- makers?](https://fotisedu.com/what-are-the-methods-used-by-farmers-organizations-to-influence-the-policy-makers/) - QUES. What are the methods used by the farmers organizations to influence the policy- makers in India and how effective are these methods? UPSC 2019 GS MAINS
- [Central Administration Tribunal - nowadays exercising its powers as an independent judicial authority](https://fotisedu.com/central-administration-tribunal-nowadays-exercising-its-powers-as-an-independent-judicial-authority/) - Q. “The Central Administration Tribunal which was established for redressal of grievances and complaints by or against central ... UPSC 2019 GS MAINS PAPER 2.
- [Competition Commission of India](https://fotisedu.com/competition-commission-of-india/) - Q. Discuss the role of the Competition Commission of India in containing the abuse of dominant position by the Multinational Corporations UPSC GS Mains 2023 P 2
- [Preventive detention](https://fotisedu.com/preventive-detention/) - What is preventive detention? Which part of the Indian Constitution deals with preventive detention? Under what laws government can order preventive detention?
- [Features of party system in India](https://fotisedu.com/features-of-party-system-in-india/) - QUES . Define political party and point out the main features of the party system in India.... Multi-Party System; Dominance of Major Parties...
- [Advantages of self-help groups](https://fotisedu.com/advantages-of-self-help-groups/) - QUES. What are the major advantages of self-help groups? ... Self-help groups (SHGs) offer several advantages to their members, especially in the context of ...
- [Role of media in elections](https://fotisedu.com/role-of-media-in-elections/) - Role of media in elections .... media plays a crucial role in elections by serving as a primary source of information and communication between political...
- [Rationale behind the Directive Principles of State Policy](https://fotisedu.com/rationale-behind-the-directive-principles-of-state-policy/) - The DPSP in the Indian Constitution provide guidelines and principles for the government to follow... Rationale behind the Directive Principles of State Policy
- [How Panchayati Raj Institutions can play their role in grassroots-level planning?](https://fotisedu.com/how-panchayat-raj-institutions-can-play-their-role-in-grassroots-level-planning/) - Q. Can the Panchayati Raj institutions play a role in grassroots-level planning in India? If yes, discuss how. ANS... decentralized local self-government bodies
- [Panchayati Raj: Gandhi Vs Ambedkar](https://fotisedu.com/panchayati-raj-gandhi-vs-ambedkar/) - Gandhi on Panchayati Raj , Ambedkar on Panchayati Raj , Is Ambedkar notion on decentralization misunderstood? Ambedkar had no objection to devolution.
- [Sources of Indian Constitution – the Borrowed Features](https://fotisedu.com/sources-of-indian-constitution-the-borrowed-features/) - QUES . The Indian Constitution is enriched by the Constitutions of other countries. Elaborate. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2023 ... Sources of Indian Constitution
- ["The Indian Constitution is a living document."](https://fotisedu.com/the-indian-constitution-is-a-living-document/) - QUES . "The Indian Constitution is a living document." Discuss. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2021. General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks.
- [Delimitation : Commission, Acts and Constitutional Provisions](https://fotisedu.com/delimitation-commission-acts-and-constitutional-provisions/) - QUES . How many Delimitation Commissions have been constituted by the Government of India till December 2023? UPSC 2024 (a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) Four
- [Finance Commission : Constitutional Provisions and Functions](https://fotisedu.com/finance-commission-constitutional-provisions-and-functions/) - QUES. Describe the constitutional provisions regarding the Finance Commission of India and explain its functions. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2024 General Studies.
- [One Nation, One Election : a Critical Analysis](https://fotisedu.com/one-nation-one-election-a-critical-analysis/) - QUES . Critically examine the idea of "One Nation, One Election" in India. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2024 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Election of the President of India](https://fotisedu.com/election-of-the-president-of-india/) - Consider the following statements: 1 . If the election of the President of India is declared void by the Supreme Court of India, all acts done by him/her in...
- [Discretionary powers of the President of India](https://fotisedu.com/discretionary-powers-of-the-president-of-india/) - QUES . Explain the discretionary powers of the President of India. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2024 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Supreme Court as the guardian of the Indian Constitution](https://fotisedu.com/supreme-court-as-the-guardian-of-the-indian-constitution/) - QUES . Critically examine the role of the Supreme Court as the guardian of the Indian Constitution. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2020 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Collegium System – Definition, Advantages and Disadvantages](https://fotisedu.com/collegium-system-definition-advantages-and-disadvantages/) - QUES . Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Collegium System in India. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2022 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Charter Act of 1813](https://fotisedu.com/charter-act-of-1813/) - Consider the following statements about ‘the Charter Act of 1813’: UPSC 2019 1. It ended the trade monopoly of the East India Company in India except .....
- [Secularism in Education](https://fotisedu.com/secularism-in-education/) - Ques . What do you understand by secularism? Discuss about the importance of secular education in today's context. Secularism in Education
- [UPSC MAINS 2023 GS PAPER II](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2023-gs-paper-ii/) - Q 1: “Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy”. Comment. Q 2: Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the
- [Indian model of Secularism](https://fotisedu.com/indian-model-of-secularism/) - Impact of western modernity on Indian secularism. Views of Gandhi,Nehru and Ambedkar on Secularism. Indian model of Secularism. Challenges to Indian secularism
- [Secularism : Meaning , Objectives , Characteristics , Importance](https://fotisedu.com/secularism-meaning-objectives-characteristics-importance/) - What does Secularism mean? Objectives of Secularism. Characteristic Features of a Secular State. Importance of Secularism.
- [Charter Act of 1793](https://fotisedu.com/charter-act-of-1793/) - The Charter Act of 1793 extended the trade monopoly of the Company in India for another period of twenty years. It gave the Governor-General more powers.
- [Act of 1786](https://fotisedu.com/act-of-1786/) - Thus via act of 1786, Cornwallis became the first effective ruler of British India under the authority of Board of Control and the Court of Directors.
- [Pitt’s India Act of 1784](https://fotisedu.com/pitts-india-act-of-1784/) - Why Pitt’s India Act of 1784 regarded as a significant act? What were the important features of Pitt’s India Act of 1784?
- [Act of Settlement 1781 - the Amending Act of 1781](https://fotisedu.com/act-of-settlement-1781-the-amending-act-of-1781/) - What are the important features of the Act of Settlement 1781? Why the Amending Act of 1781 is also known as the Act of Settlement?
- [THE NATURE OF PARLIAMENTARY FINANCIAL CONTROL](https://fotisedu.com/the-nature-of-parliamentary-financial-control/) - QUES . "Parliamentary financial control is done to ensure proper execution and control of budget." Comment.... THE NATURE OF PARLIAMENTARY FINANCIAL CONTROL
- [Special powers of Rajya Sabha that adds to its prestige](https://fotisedu.com/special-powers-of-rajya-sabha-that-adds-to-its-prestige/) - QUES . "The Rajya Sabha has certain special powers vis-à-vis the Lok Sabha that adds to its prestige." Comment. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2021 General Studies.
- [Writ jurisdictions of the Supreme Court and High Court](https://fotisedu.com/writ-jurisdictions-of-the-supreme-court-and-high-court/) - QUES . Compare the writ jurisdictions of the Supreme Court and the High Court. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2021 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Governor and State Governments – Why the friction occurs?](https://fotisedu.com/governor-and-state-governments-why-the-friction-occurs/) - QUES . Analyse the powers of the Governor and the causes for their frequent friction with states. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2022... Governor and State Governments.
- [What are the basic structures of the Indian Constitution? Can they be amended?](https://fotisedu.com/what-are-the-basic-structures-of-the-indian-constitution-can-they-be-amended/) - QUES . What are the basic structures of the Indian Constitution? Can they be amended? Explain. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2023 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Challenges and concerns of Parliamentary democracy](https://fotisedu.com/challenges-and-concerns-of-parliamentary-democracy/) - QUES . Illustrate the challenges and concerns of Parliamentary democracy. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2022 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- ["The Preamble is the key to the whole constitution"](https://fotisedu.com/the-preamble-is-the-key-to-the-whole-constitution/) - QUES . "The Preamble is the key to the whole constitution". Comment. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2022 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Why European trading companies attracted to India during the 16th-17th centuries?](https://fotisedu.com/why-european-trading-companies-attracted-to-india-during-the-16th-17th-centuries/) - QUES . Why were a number of European trading companies attracted to India during the 16th-17th centuries? UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2016 General Studies. 200 Words.
- [Right to Equality](https://fotisedu.com/right-to-equality/) - QUES . Analyze the distinguishing features of the notion of Right to Equality in the Constitutions of the USA and India. UPSC GS MAINS 2021 PAPER 2
- [Gender Justice in India](https://fotisedu.com/gender-justice-in-india/) - Explain the constitutional perspectives of Gender Justice with the help of relevant Constitutional Provisions and case laws. UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER 2.
- [Expanding horizons of the right to life and personal liberty](https://fotisedu.com/expanding-horizons-of-the-right-to-life-and-personal-liberty/) - Q. “The Constitution of India is a living instrument with capabilities... expanding horizons of the right to life and personal liberty. UPSC 2023 GS MAINS P 2
- [Right of movement and residence](https://fotisedu.com/right-of-movement-and-residence/) - Q. “Right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to the Indian citizens, but these rights.. UPSC 2022 GS MAINS PAPER 2
- [Approaches to Parliamentary sovereignty- British  vs Indian](https://fotisedu.com/approaches-to-parliamentary-sovereignty-british-vs-indian/) - QUES . Compare and contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary sovereignty. UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER 2 150 Words 10 Marks
- [Factors that inhibit India from enacting a uniform civil code](https://fotisedu.com/factors-that-inhibit-india-from-enacting-a-uniform-civil-code/) - QUES . Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizen a uniform civil code as provided for in ... UPSC GS MAINS 2015 PAPER 2
- [Freedom of speech and expression](https://fotisedu.com/freedom-of-speech-and-expression/) - QUES . What do you understand by the concept “freedom of speech and expression”? Does it cover hate speech also? Why do the films.... UPSC 2014 MAINS GS PAPER 2
- [Right to clean environment](https://fotisedu.com/right-to-clean-environment/) - Q. Does the right to clean environment entail legal regulation on burning crackers during Diwali? Discuss in the light of Article 21... UPSC GS MAINS 2015 P 2
- [Right to Privacy](https://fotisedu.com/right-to-privacy/) - QUES . Examine the scope of Fundamental Rights in the light of the latest judgement of the Supreme Court on Right to Privacy. UPSC 2017 GS MAINS PAPER 2
- [“Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy.”](https://fotisedu.com/constitutionally-guaranteed-judicial-independence-is-a-prerequisite-of-democracy/) - QUES . “Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy.” Comment. UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER 2
- [Role of NALSA in rendering free legal aid in India](https://fotisedu.com/role-of-nalsa-in-rendering-free-legal-aid-in-india/) - Q. Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the role of the National Legal Services Authority NALSA in rendering free legal aid. UPSC 2023 GS MAINS II
- [Principle of ‘checks and balance’ under constitution of India](https://fotisedu.com/principle-of-checks-and-balance-under-constitution-of-india/) - Q. Do you think that the constitution of India does not accept the principle of strict separation ... principle of ‘checks and balance’ UPSC 2019 GS MAINS II
- [Reluctance of states in India to empower urban local bodies](https://fotisedu.com/reluctance-of-states-in-india-to-empower-urban-local-bodies/) - QUES . “The states in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well as financially.” Comment. UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER II
- [Role of Presiding Officers of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality](https://fotisedu.com/role-of-presiding-officers-of-state-legislatures-in-maintaining-order-and-impartiality/) - Q. Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER II
- [Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana](https://fotisedu.com/pradhan-mantri-matsya-sampada-yojana/) - Vision of Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY); Duration of PMMSY; Implementing agency of Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)
- [Indo Qatar Relations - Historical background, Commercial and Defence diplomacy](https://fotisedu.com/indo-qatar-relations-historical-background-commercial-and-defence-diplomacy/) - HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INDIA–QATAR RELATIONS; NATURAL GAS DIPLOMACY BETWEEN INDIA AND QATAR;
- [Indus Water Treaty : ecological, economic and political implications](https://fotisedu.com/indus-water-treaty-ecological-economic-and-political-implications/) - Present an account of the Indus Water Treaty and examine its ecological, economic and political implications in the context of changing bilateral relations.
- [What are the main drivers of the India-Japan Strategic and Global Partnership?](https://fotisedu.com/what-are-the-main-drivers-of-the-india-japan-strategic-and-global-partnership/) - The India-Japan Strategic and Global Partnership is driven by several factors, including shared democratic values, economic interdependence,security cooperation
- [How do India-Israel bilateral ties reflect the autonomy of India's foreign policy choices?](https://fotisedu.com/how-do-india-israel-bilateral-ties-reflect-the-autonomy-of-indias-foreign-policy-choices/) - The fact that India has been able to maintain close ties with Israel despite its historically close ties with Arab nations is a reflection of India's autonomy
- ['Hydro-co-operation' between India and Bangladesh](https://fotisedu.com/hydro-co-operation-between-india-and-bangladesh/) - QUES . Discuss the steps required to realize 'hydro-co-operation' between India and Bangladesh.
- [Bilateral relations between India and Bhutan](https://fotisedu.com/bilateral-relations-between-india-and-bhutan/) - Treaty of Punakha( 1910); Friendship treaty of 1949; India-Bhutan trade and transit agreement of 1972; Treaty of cooperation in Hydropower and protocol of 2006
- [Geopolitical impact of bilateral relationship between India and Bhutan](https://fotisedu.com/geopolitical-impact-of-bilateral-relationship-between-india-and-bhutan/) - QUES . Discuss the geopolitical impact of the bilateral relationship between India and Bhutan.
- [Indo Canada Relations - the Khalistan angle](https://fotisedu.com/indo-canada-relations-the-khalistan-angle/) - HOW INDIA PERCEIVES THE KHALISTAN MOVEMENT? HOW DOES THE ANGLE OF KHALISTAN IMPACT INDO - CANADIAN RELATIONS? WHO ARE SIKHS AND WHERE DO THEY LIVE?
- [Lala Lajpat Rai - the Punjab Kesari](https://fotisedu.com/lala-lajpat-rai-the-punjab-kesari/) - He wrote biographies of Mazzini , Garibaldi , Shivaji and Shrikrishna ; stayed in America for sometime; and was also elected to the Central Assembly. He was:
- [August 7- the National Handloom Day](https://fotisedu.com/august-7-the-national-handloom-day/) - Consider the following statements: Statement-I : 7th August is declared as the National Handloom Day. Statement-II : It was in 1905 that the Swadeshi Movement
- [Charter Act of 1853 - the last of the series of Charter Acts](https://fotisedu.com/charter-act-of-1853-the-last-of-the-series-of-charter-acts/) - It introduced, for the first time, local representation in the Indian (Central) Legislative Council. It provided for addition of six new members .....
- [Approach towards education and nationalism : Mahatma Gandhi vs Rabindranath Tagore](https://fotisedu.com/approach-towards-education-and-nationalism-mahatma-gandhi-vs-rabindranath-tagore/) - What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach toward education and nationalism? UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I ,
- [How did the colonial rule affect the tribals in India?](https://fotisedu.com/how-did-the-colonial-rule-affect-the-tribals-in-india/) - QUES . How did the colonial rule affect the tribals in India and what was the tribal response to the colonial oppression? UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I, 250 words
- [How British policies impacted the major resources of the tribals?](https://fotisedu.com/how-british-policies-impacted-the-major-resources-of-the-tribals/) - British policies led to displacement of tribal communities, destruction of their lands and forests, and loss of their traditional practices and livelihoods.
- [Ambedkar's argument on the origin of Indian caste system](https://fotisedu.com/ambedkars-argument-on-the-origin-of-indian-caste-system/) - Dr. Ambedkar's argument on the origin of Indian caste system was that it was a product of historical, social, and economic forces that evolved over time.
- [Indian renaissance : meaning and causes](https://fotisedu.com/indian-renaissance-meaning-and-causes/) - QUES . What do you mean by Indian renaissance of 19th century ? Discuss the causes of Indian renaissance...... A critical turning point in India’s history.
- [Indian women : the torch bearer's during struggle for freedom](https://fotisedu.com/indian-women-the-torch-bearers-during-struggle-for-freedom/) - QUES . Defying the barriers of age, gender and religion, the Indian women became the torch bearer's during the struggle for freedom in India. Discuss.
- [Role of foreigners in the Indian struggle for freedom](https://fotisedu.com/role-of-foreigners-in-the-indian-struggle-for-freedom/) - QUES . Several foreigners made India their homeland and participated in various movements. Analyze their role in the Indian struggle for freedom.
- [Factors responsible for the formation of Indian National Congress](https://fotisedu.com/factors-responsible-for-the-formation-of-indian-national-congress/) - QUES . Discuss the factors responsible for the formation of the Indian National Congress. What were the British policies towards early nationalists?
- [Rabindranath Tagore’s Contribution to the Freedom Movement](https://fotisedu.com/rabindranath-tagores-contribution-to-the-freedom-movement/) - QUES. With reference to Madanapalle of Andhra Pradesh, which one of the following statements is correct? (a) Pingali Venkayya designed the tricolour Indian...
- [Economic policies of the British in India](https://fotisedu.com/economic-policies-of-the-british-in-india/) - QUES . Examine critically the various facets of economic policies of the British in India from the mid-eighteenth century till independence.
- [Differences in the approach of Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom](https://fotisedu.com/differences-in-the-approach-of-subhash-chandra-bose-and-mahatma-gandhi-in-the-struggle-for-freedom/) - QUES . Highlight the differences in the approach of Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.UPSC 2016 G S MAINS PAPER 1
- [Government of India Act, 1919](https://fotisedu.com/government-of-india-act-1919/) - QUES. In the Government of India Act 1919, the functions of Provincial Government were divided into "Reserved and Transferred" subjects. ....UPSC PRELIMS 2022
- [Indian legislature under the Act of 1919 was powerless](https://fotisedu.com/indian-legislature-under-the-act-of-1919-was-powerless/) - Under the Act of 1919, Indian Legislative Council at the Centre was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a Council of State (Upper House) and a...
- [Role of the Peoples' movement towards the integration of Princely States](https://fotisedu.com/role-of-the-peoples-movement-towards-the-integration-of-princely-states/) - QUES . Highlight the role of the Peoples' movement towards the integration of Princely States into the Indian Union. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2021 General Studies.
- [Non-cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement – the strategic shifters](https://fotisedu.com/non-cooperation-movement-and-civil-disobedience-movement-the-strategic-shifters/) - QUES. "Non-cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement mark a strategic shift in the freedom struggle". Discuss. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2022.
- [Recurrent, big and small local rebellions culminated in the 1857 uprising](https://fotisedu.com/recurrent-big-and-small-local-rebellions-culminated-in-the-1857-uprising/) - QUES.The 1857 uprising was the culmination of the recurrent, big and small local rebellions that had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule.
- [Linkages between 19th centuries ‘Indian Renaissance’ and the emergence of national identity](https://fotisedu.com/linkages-between-19th-centuries-indian-renaissance-and-the-emergence-of-national-identity/) - QUES . Examine the linkages between the nineteenth century’s ‘Indian Renaissance’ and the emergence of national identity. UPSC 2019 GS MAINS PAPER 1.
- [Significance of the Portuguese rule in India](https://fotisedu.com/significance-of-the-portuguese-rule-in-india/) - The Portuguese brought printing press to India. Portuguese brought some crops to India like tobacco. Portuguese spread Christianity in the Malabar & Konkan.
- [Decline of the Portuguese rule in India](https://fotisedu.com/decline-of-the-portuguese-rule-in-india/) - By the 18th century, the Portuguese in India lost their commercial influence . The decline of the Portuguese was brought about by several factors.
- [Why the English Succeeded against Other European Powers?](https://fotisedu.com/why-the-english-succeeded-against-other-european-powers/) - Of all the European nations who came as traders to India after new sea routes were discovered,England emerged as the most successful by the end of 18th century.
- [Significance of the Reform Movements of 19th Century](https://fotisedu.com/significance-of-the-reform-movements-of-19th-century/) - Positive aspects of the socio-religious reforms of 19th century. Negative aspects of the socio-religious reforms of 19th century.
- [Why the Marathas were defeated by the British?](https://fotisedu.com/why-the-marathas-were-defeated-by-the-british/) - There were several reasons for the Marathas’ defeat by the English. (i) Inept Leadership (ii) Defective Nature of Maratha State (iii) Loose Political Set-up...
- [What were the causes of British success in India?](https://fotisedu.com/what-were-the-causes-of-british-success-in-india/) - The causational forces and factors for success of the British are as follows: Superior Arms, Military, and Strategy; Better Military Discipline and Regular...
- [Dual Government in Bengal (1765–72)](https://fotisedu.com/dual-government-in-bengal-1765-72/) - QUES 1. The 'Dual Government' recommended by Lord Clive provided that the: (a) criminal justice would be left to the Nawab officials, while civil and fiscal...
- [Tipu Sultan – The Tiger of Mysore](https://fotisedu.com/tipu-sultan-the-tiger-of-mysore/) - Tipu gave his support to the French soldiers at Seringapatam in setting up a Jacobin Club in 1797. He planted the Tree of Liberty at Seringapatam.
- [Why Militant Nationalism (1905–1909) Grew in India?](https://fotisedu.com/why-militant-nationalism-1905-1909-grew-in-india/) - Many factors contributed to the rise of militant nationalism: Recognition of the True Nature of British Rule; Growth of Confidence and Self-Respect.........
- [Differences between Moderates and Extremists](https://fotisedu.com/differences-between-moderates-and-extremists/) - Both the moderates and the extremists came from the middle class, both were reacting towards British rule, and both voiced Indian grievances. However, there...
- [Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 : Features and Evaluation](https://fotisedu.com/morley-minto-reforms-of-1909-features-and-evaluation/) - Indian Councils Act of 1909 is also known as Morley-Minto Reforms (Lord Morley was the then Secretary of State for India and Lord Minto was the then Viceroy...
- [Why the Home Rule agitation proved to be short-lived?](https://fotisedu.com/why-the-home-rule-agitation-proved-to-be-short-lived/) - Two Home Rule Leagues were launched—one by Bal Gangadhar Tilak (April 1916) and the other by Annie Besant (September 1916) .
- [Why the Home Rule League Movement started?](https://fotisedu.com/why-the-home-rule-league-movement-started/) - Two Home Rule Leagues were launched—one by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the other by Annie Besant, both with the aim of beginning a new trend of aggressive politics
- [Effects and contribution of Home Rule Movement](https://fotisedu.com/effects-and-contribution-of-home-rule-movement/) - Tilak worked from within the Congress to set up a kind of agitational network through his Home Rule League, which he set up in April 1916.
- [Why Lucknow Pact is considered an important event in the course of the nationalistic struggle for freedom?](https://fotisedu.com/why-lucknow-pact-is-considered-an-important-event-in-the-course-of-the-nationalistic-struggle-for-freedom/) - Lucknow Pact (December 1916) was an agreement made by the Indian National Congress headed by Maratha leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the All-India Muslim League
- [The Ghadr Party](https://fotisedu.com/the-ghadr-party/) - QUES . Consider the following freedom fighters: 1. Barindra Kumar Ghosh 2. Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee 3. Rash Behari Bose Who of the above was/were actively....
- [Alfonso de Albuquerque](https://fotisedu.com/alfonso-de-albuquerque/) - QUES . With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements: 1 . The Dutch established their factories/warehouses on the east coast on lands....
- [Advent of British and the English East India Company](https://fotisedu.com/advent-of-british-and-the-english-east-india-company/) - QUES . In the first quarter of seventeenth century, in which of the following was/were the factory/factories of the English East India Company located? ......
- [Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar : The great scholar and reformer](https://fotisedu.com/ishwar-chandra-vidyasagar-the-great-scholar-and-reformer/) - QUES . Who among the following was associated as Secretary with Hindu Female School which later came to be known as Bethune Female School? (a) Annie Besant....
- [Indigo cultivation in India during British rule](https://fotisedu.com/indigo-cultivation-in-india-during-british-rule/) - QUES . Indigo cultivation in India declined by the beginning of the 20th century because of: (a) peasant resistance to the oppressive conduct of planters......
- [Evolution of Civil Services in India under British Rule](https://fotisedu.com/evolution-of-civil-services-in-india-under-british-rule/) - QUES . Wellesley established the Fort William College at Calcutta because: (a) he was asked by the Board of Directors at London to do so (b) he wanted to....
- [Birsa Munda Revolt - Ulgulan - Great Tumult](https://fotisedu.com/birsa-munda-revolt-ulgulan-great-tumult/) - QUES . With reference to the history of India, "Ulgulan" or the Great Tumult is the description of which of the following events? (a) The Revolt of 1857 (b)....
- [Why Gandhi Designated Nehru as his Successor?](https://fotisedu.com/why-gandhi-designated-nehru-as-his-successor/) - When Gandhi designated Nehru as his chosen successor? What were the differences and similarities between Nehru and Gandhi?
- [What was the impact of Industrial Revolution on India during the first half of the nineteenth century?](https://fotisedu.com/what-was-the-impact-of-industrial-revolution-on-india-during-the-first-half-of-the-nineteenth-century/) - QUES . Which of the following statements correctly explain the impact of Industrial Revolution on India during the first half of the nineteenth century?......
- [Deindustrialisation and Ruin of Handicraftsmen under British Rule in India](https://fotisedu.com/deindustrialisation-and-ruin-of-handicraftsmen-under-british-rule-in-india/) - British rule in India caused a transformation of India’s economy into a colonial economy. From being a net exporter, India became a net importer.
- [Objectives of Bhoodan and Gramdan movement](https://fotisedu.com/objectives-of-bhoodan-and-gramdan-movement/) - QUES . Critically discuss the objectives of Bhoodan and Gramdan movement, initiated by Acharya Vinoba Bhave and their success.
- [Evolution and significance of the slogan 'Jai Jawan Jai Kisan'](https://fotisedu.com/evolution-and-significance-of-the-slogan-jai-jawan-jai-kisan/) - QUES . Write a critical note on the evolution and significance of the slogan of 'Jai Jawan Jai Kisan'. 'Jai Jawan Jai Kisan' was given by Lal Bahadur Shastri
- [Socio-economic effects of the introduction of railways in different countries](https://fotisedu.com/socio-economic-effects-of-the-introduction-of-railways-in-different-countries/) - Bring out the socio-economic effects of the introduction of railways in different countries of the world. UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I, 150 words, 10 Marks
- [Bhaja Caves](https://fotisedu.com/bhaja-caves/) - Consider the following pairs : Site : Well known for 1. Besnagar : Shaivite cave shrine 2. Bhaja : Buddhist cave shrine 3. Sittanavasal : Jain cave shrine How
- [Manipuri Sankirtana - Performance and Social Significance](https://fotisedu.com/manipuri-sankirtana-performance-and-social-significance/) - With reference to Manipuri Sankirtana, consider the following statements: 1. It is a song and dance performance 2.Cymbals are the only musical instruments used
- [Sittanavasal Cave](https://fotisedu.com/sittanavasal-cave/) - Consider the following pairs : Site : Well known for 1 . Besnagar : Shaivite cave shrine 2 . Bhaja : Buddhist cave shrine 3 . Sittanavasal : Jain cave shrine
- [Tandava dance](https://fotisedu.com/tandava-dance/) - QUES . Discuss the Tandava dance as recorded in the early Indian inscriptions.
- [Major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period](https://fotisedu.com/major-technological-changes-introduced-during-the-sultanate-period/) - QUES . What were the major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period? How did those technological changes influence the Indian society? UPSC
- [Krishna Deva Raya - the greatest of Vijayanagar rulers](https://fotisedu.com/krishna-deva-raya-the-greatest-of-vijayanagar-rulers/) - Regarding the taxation system of Krishna Deva, the ruler of Vijayanagar, consider the following statements: 1. The tax rate on land was fixed depending on the
- [How did the Bhakti Movement contributed to the growth of regional languages ?](https://fotisedu.com/how-did-the-bhakti-movement-contributed-to-the-growth-of-regional-languages/) - QUES . How did the Bhakti Movement contributed to the growth of regional languages? UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2021 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Cultural and artistic achievements of the Vijayanagar empire](https://fotisedu.com/cultural-and-artistic-achievements-of-the-vijayanagar-empire/) - QUES . Assess the cultural and artistic achievements of the Vijayanagar empire. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2022 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Contribution of Sufis to Indian society and culture](https://fotisedu.com/contribution-of-sufis-to-indian-society-and-culture/) - QUES . Discuss the contribution of Sufis to Indian society and culture. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2022 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Architecture of the Delhi Sultanate](https://fotisedu.com/architecture-of-the-delhi-sultanate/) - The arch and dome were new architectural additions of the period. Use of lime-mortar in the construction of buildings and houses altered the building techniques
- [IQTA SYSTEM DURING SULTANATE PERIOD](https://fotisedu.com/iqta-system-during-sultanate-period/) - QUES.Consider the following statements: 1. In the revenue administration of Delhi Sultanate, the in-charge of revenue collection was known as ‘Amil’. 2.The Iqta
- [Market Regulations of Alauddin Khalji](https://fotisedu.com/market-regulations-of-alauddin-khalji/) - Alauddin Khalji was more or less the first ruler who looked at the problem of price control, in a systematic manner and was able to maintain stable prices.
- [The significance of Mughal rule](https://fotisedu.com/the-significance-of-mughal-rule/) - QUES . Should the era of the Great Mughals be considered as successful in creating a harmonious and strong empire in India? Discuss. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2014
- [Decline of Mughal Empire](https://fotisedu.com/decline-of-mughal-empire/) - QUES . Do you agree with the view that the reversal of Akbar’s Rajput policy by Aurangzeb was responsible for the disintegration of the Mughal empire? Discuss.
- [Chola architecture : a high watermark in the evolution of temple architecture](https://fotisedu.com/chola-architecture-a-high-watermark-in-the-evolution-of-temple-architecture/) - QUES . Chola architecture represents a high watermark in the evolution of temple architecture. Discuss.UPSC 2013 G S MAINS PAPER 1
- [Vedic society and religion](https://fotisedu.com/vedic-society-and-religion/) - QUES . What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society? UPSC 2023 GS MAINS
- [Besnagar and the Heliodorus pillar](https://fotisedu.com/besnagar-and-the-heliodorus-pillar/) - Consider the following pairs : Site : Well known for 1 . Besnagar : Shaivite cave shrine 2 . Bhaja : Buddhist cave shrine 3 . Sittanavasal : Jain cave shrine
- [Urban planning and culture in the Indus Valley Civilization](https://fotisedu.com/urban-planning-and-culture-in-the-indus-valley-civilization/) - Q. To what extent has the urban planning and culture in the Indus Valley Civilization provided inputs to the present day urbanization? UPSC 2014 G S MAINS 1
- [Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks](https://fotisedu.com/gandhara-sculpture-owed-as-much-to-the-romans-as-to-the-greeks/) - QUES. Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain. UPSC 2014 G S MAINS PAPER1 .... Gandhara School also came to be known as Greco-
- [Importance of the accounts of Chinese and Arab travelers in reconstruction of the history of India](https://fotisedu.com/importance-of-the-accounts-of-chinese-and-arab-travelers-in-reconstruction-of-the-history-of-india/) - QUES . Assess the importance of the accounts of Chinese and Arab travelers in the reconstruction of the history of India. UPSC 2018 G S MAINS PAPER 1
- [Economic conditions of Vedic Period](https://fotisedu.com/economic-conditions-of-vedic-period/) - QUES . Describe the economic conditions of the Later Vedic Period. How was it different from Rig Vedic life? UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2021. General Studies. 200 Words
- [Similarities and differences between the basic tenets of Buddhism and Jainism](https://fotisedu.com/similarities-and-differences-between-the-basic-tenets-of-buddhism-and-jainism/) - QUES . Discuss the similarities and differences between the basic tenets of Buddhism and Jainism. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2021. General Studies . 200 Words . 5 Marks
- [Mohenjo-daro : an example of a planned urban centre](https://fotisedu.com/mohenjo-daro-an-example-of-a-planned-urban-centre/) - QUES . What features of architecture indicate that Mohenjo-daro was a planned urban centre? UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2023 General Studies. 200 Words. 5 Marks
- [Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization](https://fotisedu.com/decline-of-the-indus-valley-civilization/) - QUES . Discuss the reasons for the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization in the beginning of the 2nd Millennium BC. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2014 General Studies.
- [Lessons from the urban planning and cultural aspects of Indus Valley Civilisation](https://fotisedu.com/lessons-from-the-urban-planning-and-cultural-aspects-of-indus-valley-civilisation/) - QUES . What are the lessons that can be derived from the urban planning and cultural aspects of IVC for present-day cities?
- [Difference between Rig Vedic Society and Later Vedic Society](https://fotisedu.com/difference-between-rig-vedic-society-and-later-vedic-society/) - QUES . Distinguish between the social conditions of Rig Vedic life and the Later Vedic Period.
- [Marine heat waves](https://fotisedu.com/marine-heat-waves/) - What are marine heat waves? What kind of damages are done by marine heat waves to the marine ecosystems? How are corals impacted by marine heat waves?
- [Impact of Marine Heat Waves on Indian climate](https://fotisedu.com/impact-of-marine-heat-waves-on-indian-climate/) - What are the impacts of marine heat waves on Indian monsoon? What are the impacts of marine heat waves on tropical cyclones? What are marine heat waves?
- [What is a Heat Dome?](https://fotisedu.com/what-is-a-heat-dome/) - How do heat domes form? How heat dome is linked with jet streams? Can heat domes form anywhere?Does heat dome intensifies under drought conditions?
- [How does the cryosphere affect global climate?](https://fotisedu.com/how-does-the-cryosphere-affect-global-climate-2/) - Cryosphere is those portions of Earth's surface where water is in solid form. Cryosphere includes sea ice, glaciers, ice caps,ice sheets and permafrost
- [Consequences of climate change on the food security in tropical countries](https://fotisedu.com/consequences-of-climate-change-on-the-food-security-in-tropical-countries/) - QUES . Discuss the consequences of climate change on the food security in tropical countries. UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I, 150 words, 10 Marks
- [Factors responsible for diversity of natural vegetation in India](https://fotisedu.com/factors-responsible-for-diversity-of-natural-vegetation-in-india/) - QUES.Identify and discuss the factors responsible for diversity of natural vegetation in India. Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rain forest
- [Why Arabian Sea is witnessing more cyclones?](https://fotisedu.com/why-arabian-sea-is-witnessing-more-cyclones/) - Why the frequency of Arabian Sea cyclonic storms has increased inspite of a slight decrease in Bay of Bengal cyclonic storms?
- [Impact of climate change on tropical cyclones](https://fotisedu.com/impact-of-climate-change-on-tropical-cyclones/) - How can climate change affect tropical cyclones?Climate change may affect tropical cyclones in a variety of ways: an intensification of rainfall and wind speed
- [Why are millets said to be climate friendly?](https://fotisedu.com/why-are-millets-said-to-be-climate-friendly/) - QUES.Why are millets said to be climate friendly? Explain it in the context of International Year of Millets (2023) declared by the United Nations.UPSC IES/ISS
- [Many countries prefer coal rather than solar or wind energy as a source of fuel. Why ?](https://fotisedu.com/many-countries-prefer-coal-rather-than-solar-or-wind-energy-as-a-source-of-fuel-why/) - QUES . Many countries prefer coal rather than solar or wind energy as a source of fuel. Why ? UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2021 General Studies . 200 Words . 5 Marks
- [Peninsular location of India provides scope for harnessing non-conventional energy resources](https://fotisedu.com/peninsular-location-of-india-provides-scope-for-harnessing-non-conventional-energy-resources/) - QUES . The peninsular location of India provides scope for harnessing non-conventional energy resources. Discuss with examples.
- ["Air pollution and water shortages are among the problems faced by urban centres across the globe."](https://fotisedu.com/air-pollution-and-water-shortages-are-among-the-problems-faced-by-urban-centres-across-the-globe/) - QUES . "Air pollution and water shortages are among the problems faced by urban centres across the globe." Examine this statement. UPSC IES/ISS EXAM 2021
- [Ecological and economic challenges of river linking in India](https://fotisedu.com/ecological-and-economic-challenges-of-river-linking-in-india/) - QUES . Discuss the ecological and economic challenges of river linking in India.
- [Potential marine energy resources : benefits, harvestability and environmental impacts](https://fotisedu.com/potential-marine-energy-resources-benefits-harvestability-and-environmental-impacts/) - QUES . Describe the potential marine energy resources with reference to their benefits, harvestability, and environmental impacts.
- [Tropical Deciduous Forests of India - Types, Distribution, Characteristics and Vegetation](https://fotisedu.com/tropical-deciduous-forests-of-india-types-distribution-characteristics-and-vegetation/) - QUES.Consider the following trees: 1.Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) 2.Mahua (Madhuca indica) 3.Teak (Tectona grandis) How many of the above are deciduous
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- [Defining blue revolution, explain the problems and strategies for pisciculture development in India.](https://fotisedu.com/defining-blue-revolution-explain-the-problems-and-strategies-for-pisciculture-development-in-india/) - Defining blue revolution, explain the problems and strategies for pisciculture development in India.
- [Difference between Care economy and Monetized economy](https://fotisedu.com/difference-between-care-economy-and-monetized-economy/) - QUES . Distinguish between ‘care economy’ and ‘monetized economy’. How can care economy be brought into monetized economy through women empowerment? UPSC 2023
- [‘Principle of Federal Supremacy’ and ‘Harmonious Construction’](https://fotisedu.com/principle-of-federal-supremacy-and-harmonious-construction/) - Q. From the resolution of contentious issues regarding distribution of ... ‘Principle of Federal Supremacy’ and ‘Harmonious Construction’ UPSC 2019 GS MAINS 2
- [Structural unemployment in India](https://fotisedu.com/structural-unemployment-in-india/) - QUES.Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology adopted to compute.... UPSC 2023 GS MAINS 3 Structural unemployment
- [Why India still goes with the lowest indicators of human development despite consistent experience of High growth?](https://fotisedu.com/why-india-still-goes-with-the-lowest-indicators-of-human-development-despite-consistent-experience-of-high-growth/) - QUES.Despite consistent experience of High growth, India still goes with the lowest indicators of human development. Examine the .... UPSC 2019 GS MAINS PAPER 2
- [Ineffective implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based Projects: Factors responsible and suggestive measures](https://fotisedu.com/ineffective-implementation-of-information-and-communication-technology-ict-based-projects-factors-responsible-and-suggestive-measures/) - QUES.Implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based Projects/Programmes usually suffers in terms of certain...UPSC 2019 GS MAINS PAPER 2
- [Has the Anti-Defection Law diminished the role of individual MPs?](https://fotisedu.com/has-the-anti-defection-law-diminished-the-role-of-individual-mps/) - QUES. The role of individual MPs (Members of Parliament) has diminished over the years and as a result... anti-defection law... UPSC 2013 G S MAINS PAPER 2
- [Integrated Farming System (IFS)](https://fotisedu.com/integrated-farming-system-ifs/) - QUES . How far is Integrated Farming System (IFS) helpful in sustaining agricultural production. UPSC 2019 GS MAINS PAPER 3. 150 words. 10 Marks
- [How the strategy of inclusive growth meets the objectives of inclusiveness and sustainability together?](https://fotisedu.com/how-the-strategy-of-inclusive-growth-meets-the-objectives-of-inclusiveness-and-sustainability-together/) - Q. It is argued that the strategy of inclusive growth is intended to meet the objectives of inclusiveness and sustainability together.UPSC 2019 GS MAINS PAPER 3
- [Why is the South-West Monsoon called Purvaiya (easterly) in Bhojpur Region?](https://fotisedu.com/why-is-the-south-west-monsoon-called-purvaiya-easterly-in-bhojpur-region/) - Why is the South-West Monsoon called Purvaiya(easterly) in Bhojpur Region?How has this directional seasonal wind system influenced the cultural ethos of the reg
- [Volcano - Causes , Types , Effects and Distribution](https://fotisedu.com/volcano-causes-types-effects-and-distribution/) - Volcano - Causes , Types , Effects and Distribution Fumaroles. Crater. Caldera. Volcanic ash. Pacific Ring of Fire. Lava Dome. Shield Volcanoes. Composite cone
- [Unpredictability of the South-West Monsoon system in India](https://fotisedu.com/unpredictability-of-the-south-west-monsoon-system-in-india/) - QUES. Critically examine the factors responsible for unpredictability of the South-West Monsoon system in India.... ENSO events, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) ....
- [How are the fjords formed?](https://fotisedu.com/how-are-the-fjords-formed/) - How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world? UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I, 150 words, 10 Marks
- [Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India?](https://fotisedu.com/why-did-human-development-fail-to-keep-pace-with-economic-development-in-india/) - QUES . Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India? UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I, 250 words, 15 Marks
- [Why is caste identity in India both fluid and static?](https://fotisedu.com/why-is-caste-identity-in-india-both-fluid-and-static/) - QUES . Why is caste identity in India both fluid and static? UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I, 250 words, 15 Marks भारत में जातीय अस्मिता गतिशील और स्थिर दोनों ही ...
- [Impact of post-liberal economy on ethnic identity and communalism](https://fotisedu.com/impact-of-post-liberal-economy-on-ethnic-identity-and-communalism/) - QUES . Discuss the impact of post-liberal economy on ethnic identity and communalism. UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I, 250 words, 15 Marks
- [Need for impartiality and integrity in the functioning of Speakers in Indian legislative bodies](https://fotisedu.com/need-for-impartiality-and-integrity-in-the-functioning-of-speakers-in-indian-legislative-bodies/) - Issues with the functioning of speakers in India. Cases related with disputed functioning of Speaker. Suggestions to improve the impartiality of the Speaker
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- [COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE](https://fotisedu.com/composition-of-the-atmosphere/) - QUES. With reference to “water vapour”, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It is a gas, the amount of which decreases with altitude. 2 . Its
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- [UPSC PRE 2024, SET- A, GS QUES 5 ANSWER, Cocoa Production](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-pre-2024-set-a-gs-ques-5-answer-cocoa-production/) - QUES . Which of the following countries are well known as the two largest cocoa producers in the world? (a) Algeria and Morocco (b) Botswana and Namibia
- [UPSC PRE 2024, GS QUES 4, SET- A. Global distribution of temperature](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-pre-2024-gs-ques-4-set-a-global-distribution-of-temperature/) - QUES. Which of the following is/are correct inference/inferences from isothermal maps in the month of january? 1. The isotherms deviate to the north over the...
- [UPSC PRE 2024, GS QUES 3, SET- A, Products of volcanic eruptions](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-pre-2024-gs-ques-3-set-a-products-of-volcanic-eruptions/) - QUES . Consider the following: UPSC 2024 1 . Pyroclastic debris 2 . Ash and dust 3 . Nitrogen compounds 4 . Sulphur compounds How many of the above .....
- [STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE](https://fotisedu.com/structure-of-the-atmosphere/) - QUES . Consider the following statements: UPSC 2024 Statement-I: Thickness of the troposphere at the equator is much greater as compared to poles. .....
- [UPSC PRE 2024, GS QUES 2, SET A](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-pre-2024-gs-ques-2-set-a/) - QUES . Consider the following statements: UPSC 2024 Statement-I: Thickness of the troposphere at the equator is much greater as compared to poles.
- [UPSC PRE 2024, GS QUES 1, SET A](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-pre-2024-gs-ques-1-set-a/) - QUES . Consider the following statements: UPSC 2024 Statement-I: The atmosphere is heated more by incoming solar radiation then by terrestrial radiation.
- [Sociocultural Demographic Theories: Their relevance with contemporary population problems](https://fotisedu.com/sociocultural-demographic-theories-their-relevance-with-contemporary-population-problems/) - QUES. Discuss the contemporary population problems in light of various sociocultural demographic theories. HINTS: Malthusian theory, Demographic transition....
- [Gene Therapy- Definition, Types and Limitations](https://fotisedu.com/gene-therapy-definition-types-and-limitations/) - WHAT IS GENE THERAPY? TYPES OF GENE THERAPY.Somatic (body cell) gene therapy. Germ line (sex cell) gene therapy. Antisense Therapy. LIMITATIONS OF GENE THERAPY
- [Geographic Information System(GIS) - its elements and prospects in agriculture](https://fotisedu.com/geographic-information-systemgis-its-elements-and-prospects-in-agriculture/) - QUES . What is a "Geographic Information System" (GIS)? Discuss its elements and prospects in agriculture.
- [Siachen Glacier](https://fotisedu.com/siachen-glacier/) - QUES . Siachen Glacier is situated to the: (a) East of Aksai Chin (b) East of Leh (c) North of Gilgit (d) North of Nubra Valley
- [Ocean Mean Temperature (OMT) and Monsoon Forecasting](https://fotisedu.com/ocean-mean-temperature-omt-and-monsoon-forecasting/) - QUES . With reference to Ocean Mean Temperature (OMT), which of the following statements is/are correct? 1 . OMT is measured up to a depth of 26°C isotherm....
- [Major and Minor Minerals](https://fotisedu.com/major-and-minor-minerals/) - QUES. Consider the following minerals: 1. Bentonite 2. Chromite 3. Kyanite 4. Sillimanite In India, which of the above is/are officially designated as major..
- [UPSC MAINS 2019 HISTORY OPTIONAL PAPER 1](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2019-history-optional-paper-1/) - a) Do you agree that archaeological evidence often helps in the better understanding of literary sources? Comment. b) The development of art and architecture...
- [UPSC MAINS 2018 HISTORY OPTIONAL PAPER 1](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2018-history-optional-paper-1/) - a) How did the early Indian historical tradition, as reflected in ltjhasa-purana, emerge? What are the distinctive features of this genre? 20 Marks
- [Jet Stream - causes , types & impact](https://fotisedu.com/jet-stream-causes-types-impact/) - QUES. Consider the following statements: 1 . Jet streams occur in the Northern Hemisphere only. 2 . Only some cyclones develop an eye. 3 . The temperature...
- [Mantle plume - its role in plate tectonics](https://fotisedu.com/mantle-plume-its-role-in-plate-tectonics/) - Define mantle plume and explain its role in plate tectonics. Hawaii-Emperor seamount chain. Three faults at the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and African Rift Valley
- [UPSC MAINS 2019 HISTORY OPTIONAL PAPER 2](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2019-history-optional-paper-2/) - a)"Tipu Sultan was trying to build in Mysore a strong centralised and militarised state, with ambitious territorial designs." b)"Not until independence, when...
- [UPSC MAINS 2020 HISTORY OPTIONAL PAPER 1](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2020-history-optional-paper-1/) - a) Puranas were the innovative genre of literature to popularise and revive Vedic religion. Elaborate with examples. b) Discuss the factors that played an
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- [Short range device - low power transmitters](https://fotisedu.com/short-range-device-low-power-transmitters/) - QUES. Consider the following communication Technologies: 1. Closed- Circuit Television 2. Radio Frequency Identification 3. Wireless Local area Network ......
- [Web 3.0 - next phase of the evolution of web](https://fotisedu.com/web-3-0-next-phase-of-the-evolution-of-web/) - QUES. With reference to Web 3.0, consider the following statements:1.Web 3.0 technology enables people to control their own data.2. In Web 3.0 world, there can
- [Biofilm - layer of microorganisms](https://fotisedu.com/biofilm-layer-of-microorganisms/) - QUES. Consider the following statements:1.Biofilms can form on medical implants within human tissues. 2. Biofilms can form on food and food processing surfaces
- [Raising capital for business - Equity vs Debt Financing](https://fotisedu.com/raising-capital-for-business-equity-vs-debt-financing/) - QUES.With reference to the expenditure made by an organization or a company, which of the following statements is/are correct?1.Acquiring new technology is ....
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- [A National Party - What does it mean in India?](https://fotisedu.com/a-national-party-what-does-it-mean-in-india/) - This article is about recognition as a national party , How many national parties are at present in India? Party symbols BJP , AAP , BSP , NPP , Congress CPIM
- [How are clouds formed?](https://fotisedu.com/how-are-clouds-formed/) - What are clouds? Cloud condensation nuclei . Lifting and saturated air . Dew point temperature. Nuclei are hygroscopic meaning they attract water molecules.
- [Why cyclone does not originate in the South Atlantic and South Eastern Pacific regions in tropical latitudes?](https://fotisedu.com/why-cyclone-does-not-originate-in-the-south-atlantic-and-south-eastern-pacific-regions-in-tropical-latitudes/) - QUES. In the South Atlantic and South Eastern Pacific regions in tropical latitudes, cyclone does not originate. What is the reason? (a) Sea Surface .......
- [Important Rivers of Asia](https://fotisedu.com/important-rivers-of-asia/) - Yangtze ; Yellow River; Mekong; Lena; Irtysh; Brahmaputra; Ob River; Indus; Yenisey; Ganges; Amur; Salween; Euphrates; Tigris; Irrawaddy ; Amu Darya; Syr Darya;
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- [Cotton - Food, Feed and Fibre](https://fotisedu.com/cotton-food-feed-and-fibre/) - What are the climatic conditions required for cultivation of cotton? Top five cotton producing countries worldwide; Top five cotton producing states in India
- [Seed Village Programme (Beej Gram Yojana)](https://fotisedu.com/seed-village-programme-beej-gram-yojana/) - Which one of the following best describes the main objective of ‘Seed Village Concept? UPSC 2015 (a) Encouraging the farmers to use their own farm seeds and..
- [Farmer Producer Organisation (FPO)- Significance and Problems faced](https://fotisedu.com/farmer-producer-organisation-fpo-significance-and-problems-faced/) - What is a Farmer Producer Organisation (FPO)? What is the role and significance of FPO? What are the problems faced by Farmer Producer Organisation (FPO)?
- [Fisheries in India](https://fotisedu.com/fisheries-in-india/) - India is 3rd largest fish producing country with around 8% share in global fish production.Globally, India stands 2nd in aquaculture production.
- [Fisheries in India : fresh, brackish, marine, inland and shellfish](https://fotisedu.com/fisheries-in-india-fresh-brackish-marine-inland-and-shellfish/) - Shellfish are aquatic invertebrates having an exoskeleton/shell. Surface-water Fish (Pelagic): Sardines, Anchovies, Ribbonfish, Mackerel, Seerfish, Tuna, etc.
- [MAJOR EFFORTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE FISHERIES SECTOR IN INDIA](https://fotisedu.com/major-efforts-for-development-of-the-fisheries-sector-in-india/) - Seaweed Park in Tamil Nadu; Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF) ; Project on promotion and scaling up of Open Sea Cage Culture.
- [Fish and Health Benefits](https://fotisedu.com/fish-and-health-benefits/) - Fish contain low-fat high quality protein with omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins.Fish is rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, iodine, magnesium,potassium.
- [World Fisheries Day](https://fotisedu.com/world-fisheries-day/) - World Fisheries Day is celebrated on 21st November every year to demonstrate solidarity with all fisherfolk, fish farmers and concerned stakeholders.
- [Nutritional and health benefits of millet consumption](https://fotisedu.com/nutritional-and-health-benefits-of-millet-consumption/) - Millets are a great grain for diabetes. They have a low glycaemic index, which can help prevent or manage diabetes. Millets are rich in minerals.
- [Why are millets a smart food?](https://fotisedu.com/why-are-millets-a-smart-food/) - 1 . Millets are good for you (nutritious and healthy) 2 . Millets are good for the planet (environmentally sustainable) 3 . Millets are good for the farmer
- [Participatory Rural Appraisal technique](https://fotisedu.com/participatory-rural-appraisal-technique/) - QUES . Explain about Participatory Rural Appraisal technique for farmers' need identification.
- [Importance of crop insurance for small and marginal farmers](https://fotisedu.com/importance-of-crop-insurance-for-small-and-marginal-farmers/) - QUES . Describe the importance of crop insurance for small and marginal farmers in India. Write the role of insurance companies for crop insurance.
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- [Stem cells – sources, therapy and ethical concerns](https://fotisedu.com/stem-cells-sources-therapy-and-ethical-concerns/) - With reference to ‘stem cells’, frequently in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct? UPSC 2012 (i) Stem cells can be derived from mammals
- [H1N1- subtype of Influenza A virus](https://fotisedu.com/h1n1-subtype-of-influenza-a-virus/) - H1N1 virus is sometimes mentioned in the news with reference to which one of the following diseases? UPSC 2015 (a) AIDS (b) Bird flu (c) Dengue (d) Swine flu
- [DNA metabarcoding](https://fotisedu.com/dna-metabarcoding/) - Reasons for increasing popularity of DNA metabarcoding. How DNA metabarcoding is different from DNA barcoding?
- [CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology](https://fotisedu.com/crispr-cas9-genome-editing-technology/) - Consider the following pairs : Terms sometimes seen in news - Context /Topic 1 . Belle II experiment - Artificial Intelligence 2 . Blockchain technology -
- [DNA barcoding](https://fotisedu.com/dna-barcoding/) - Consider the following statements: DNA Barcoding can be a tool to: 1 . assess the age of a plant or animal. 2 . distinguish among species that look alike.
- [GENETIC DEFECTS AND ITS CONSEQUENCES](https://fotisedu.com/genetic-defects-and-its-consequences/) - CONSEQUENCES OF GENETIC DEFECTS. TYPES OF GENETIC DISORDERS. GENE FUNCTIONING. GENETIC DEFECT. sickle cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness
- [RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY- MEANING, PROCESS, REQUIREMENTS, STEPS AND USES](https://fotisedu.com/recombinant-dna-technology-meaning-process-requirements-steps-and-uses/) - MEANING OF RECOMBINANT DNA, PROCESS OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY, STEPS IN RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY, USES OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
- [Genetically Modified (GM) mustard - Barnase-barstar technology](https://fotisedu.com/genetically-modified-gm-mustard-barnase-barstar-technology/) - QUES . With reference to the Genetically Modified mustard (GM mustard) developed in India, consider the following statements :1 . GM mustard has the genes of a
- [Space missions to study Sun](https://fotisedu.com/space-missions-to-study-sun/) - Pioneers 6, 7, 8 and 9, Helios 1 and 2 probes,Skylab space station, Solar Maximum Mission probes, Yohkoh (Sunbeam) satellite,Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
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- [Potential threats of Cyber attack and security framework to prevent it](https://fotisedu.com/potential-threats-of-cyber-attack-and-security-framework-to-prevent-it/) - Discuss the potential threats of Cyber attack and the security framework to prevent it. Challenges associated with cyber threats
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- [Forces Affecting the Velocity and Direction of Wind](https://fotisedu.com/forces-affecting-the-velocity-and-direction-of-wind/) - Horizontal winds near the earth surface respond to the combined effect of three forces – pressure gradient force, frictional force and Coriolis force
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- [EVAPORATION AND CONDENSATION IN THE ATMOSPHERE](https://fotisedu.com/evaporation-and-condensation-in-the-atmosphere/) - Evaporation is a process by which water is transformed from liquid to gaseous state. The transformation of water vapour into water is called condensation.
- [Humidity and its types](https://fotisedu.com/humidity-and-its-types/) - What is water vapour? What is absolute humidity? What is relative humidity? What is dew point? How does humidity affect our weather?
- [Local winds around the world](https://fotisedu.com/local-winds-around-the-world/) - Berg, Bora, Papagayo, Zonda, Simoom, Pampero, Nor’wester, Nor’easter, Karaburan, Loo, Blizzard, Santa Ana, Sirocco, Mistral, Leveche,Harmattan, Levant, Khamsin
- [How dew is formed?](https://fotisedu.com/how-dew-is-formed/) - Why are dewdrops not formed on a cloudy night? UPSC 2019 , What are the favourable conditions for dew formation? What is dew? When dew is not formed?
- [Clouds - Formation and Appearance](https://fotisedu.com/clouds-formation-and-appearance/) - What are clouds? Clouds are the visible aggregate of minute particles of water and/or ice. They form when water vapor condenses. They can grow very tall or appear flat as a pancake. They are typically white in color but also appear in different shades of grey or in brilliant yellow, orange or red. They can
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- [Precipitation and its types](https://fotisedu.com/precipitation-and-its-types/) - Rainfall , Drizzle , Snow Grains , Snowfall , Ice Pellets (Sleet) , Ice Crystals , Hailstones , Graupel (Small Hail or Snow Pellets)
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- [Types of Clouds](https://fotisedu.com/types-of-clouds/) - High clouds–cirrus,cirrostratus,cirrocumulus Middle clouds–altostratus,altocumulus Low clouds–stratocumulus,nimbostratus cumulus and cumulonimbus
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- [Relationship between ocean currents and global surface wind systems](https://fotisedu.com/relationship-between-ocean-currents-and-global-surface-wind-systems/) - QUES. What is the relationship between ocean currents and global surface wind systems? Explain with examples how the gyre in the Northern Hemisphere differ from
- [Air masses : types, formation and function](https://fotisedu.com/air-masses-types-formation-and-function/) - An air mass is a large volume of air in the atmosphere that is mostly uniform in temperature and moisture.
- [Air mass modification](https://fotisedu.com/air-mass-modification/) - QUES . What are the important factors responsible for airmass modifications?
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- [ADITYA-L1 - India's first solar observatory](https://fotisedu.com/aditya-l1-indias-first-solar-observatory/) - Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C57), Lagrange Points, Objectives of Aditya L1 mission, Payloads of Aditya L1 along with their major capability
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- [Great Observatories program](https://fotisedu.com/great-observatories-program/) - Hubble Space Telescope (HST); Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO); Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO); Spitzer Space Telescope (SST)
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- [Nile River : Source, Outflow, Dams and Cities](https://fotisedu.com/nile-river-source-outflow-dams-and-cities/) - Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam or Millennium Dam is a gravity dam on Blue Nile River in Ethiopia. Nile has two major tributaries – White Nile and Blue Nile.
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- [UPSC MAINS 2017 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PAPER 1](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2017-public-administration-paper-1/) - a) Even after 130 years of its publication, Woodrow Wilson’s essay “The Study of Administration” continues to have great relevance even today.” Comment. 10
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- [UPSC MAINS 2018 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PAPER 1](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2018-public-administration-paper-1/) - a)"The scope of the discipline of Public Administration is determined by what an administrative system does." Does it mean that the scope of this discipline is
- [UPSC MAINS 2019 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PAPER 2](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2019-public-administration-paper-2/) - a) In the text of Arthashastra, ‘the state is neither a police State nor merely a tax gathering State’. Comment. b) The economic reforms have significantly
- [UPSC MAINS 2019 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PAPER 1](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2019-public-administration-paper-1/) - a) “Public Administration is constantly being reinvented because it is contextual.” Elaborate. b)“Bureau pathology denigrates competence in organization.”
- [UPSC MAINS 2020 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PAPER 2](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2020-public-administration-paper-2/) - a) Mughal administration incorporated a combination of Indian and extra-Indian clement. Discuss. b) There is a constant and continuous collision between
- [UPSC MAINS 2020 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PAPER 1](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2020-public-administration-paper-1/) - a)"The strength of Public Administration is in its exploration of the complexities and nuances of public policy making and implementation."Discuss.b)Principles
- [UPSC MAINS 2021 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PAPER 2](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2021-public-administration-paper-2/) - a) The Preamble to the Constitution of India provides a foundational framework of ideals and values for the Indian administration.Discuss.b) Examine the extent
- [UPSC MAINS 2021 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PAPER 1](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2021-public-administration-paper-1/) - a) Governance is about managing self-organizing networks." Elaborate. b) Two-dimensional taxonomy was used by Herbert Simon to describe the degree to which
- [UPSC MAINS 2022 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PAPER 2](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2022-public-administration-paper-2/) - a) “Mughal administrative system was centralised despotism”. Comment. b) “The office of the District Collector admirably survived the changing times from
- [UPSC MAINS 2022 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PAPER 1](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2022-public-administration-paper-1/) - a) Public Management takes 'what' and 'why' from Public Administration and 'how' from Business Management. Elaborate. b) Every human organisation shall start
- [UPSC MAINS 2023 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PAPER 2](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2023-public-administration-paper-2/) - a) "Kautliya's Arthashastra is a theoretical work on the state and Statecraft." Comment. b) Critics, sometimes, argue that bureaucracy is an impediment to a
- [UPSC MAINS 2023 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PAPER 1](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2023-public-administration-paper-1/) - a) Public administration horizons have been expanding to cater to the complex needs of the citizens in the globalised era. Explain. 10 Marks
- [Syllabus of Public Administration - UPSC Mains](https://fotisedu.com/syllabus-of-public-administration-upsc-mains/) - Public Administration Syllabus for UPSC - Paper - I Administration Theory 1 . Introduction: Meaning, scope, and significance of Public Administration,
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- [UPSC GS PRELIMS 2022 – GEOGRAPHY](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-gs-prelims-2022-geography/) - Senkaku Islands,Lake Faguibine,Gandikota canyon,Levant,Monazite is source of rare earth,Monazite contains thorium.Kerala has solar powered International Airport
- [UPSC GS PRELIMS 2022 – INDIAN HISTORY](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-gs-prelims-2022-indian-history/) - Consider the following freedom fighters: 1. Barindra Kumar Ghosh 2. Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee 3. Rash Behari Bose Who of the above was/were actively ass..
- [UPSC GS PRELIMS 2022 – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-gs-prelims-2022-science-technology/) - If a major solar storm (solar-flare) reaches the Earth, which of the following are the possible effects on the Earth? 1. GPS and navigation systems could
- [UPSC MAINS 2013 GS PAPER IV](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2013-gs-paper-iv/) - 1 . What do you understand by ‘values’ and ‘ethics’? In what way is it important to be ethical along with being professionally competent? 2 . (a) What do you
- [UPSC MAINS 2013 GS PAPER III](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2013-gs-paper-iii/) - 1 . With a consideration towards the strategy of inclusive growth, the new Companies Bill ,2013 has indirectly made CSR a mandatory obligation. Discuss the
- [UPSC MAINS 2013 GS PAPER II](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2013-gs-paper-ii/) - 1.The role of individual MPs (Members of Parliament) has diminished over the years and as a result healthy constructive debates on policy issues are not usually
- [UPSC MAINS 2013 GS PAPER I](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2013-gs-paper-i/) - Q1. Though not very useful from the point of view of a connected political history of South India , the Sangam literature portrays the social and economic
- [UPSC MAINS 2014 GS PAPER IV](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2014-gs-paper-iv/) - 1(a) All human beings aspire for happiness.Do you agree?What does happiness mean to you?Explain with answers.(b)What does ethics seek to promote in human life?
- [UPSC MAINS 2014 GS PAPER III](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2014-gs-paper-iii/) - Q1 Normally countries shift from agriculture to industry and then later to services, but India shifted directly from agriculture to services. What are the
- [UPSC MAINS 2014 GS PAPER II](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2014-gs-paper-ii/) - Q1 Starting from inventing the ‘basic structure’ doctrine, the judiciary has played a highly proactive role in ensuring that India develops into a thriving
- [UPSC MAINS 2014 GS PAPER I](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2014-gs-paper-i/) - Q1 To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provided inputs to the present day urbanization? Discuss. Q2 Gandhara
- [UPSC MAINS 2015 GS PAPER IV](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2015-gs-paper-iv/) - 1 (a) What is meant by ‘environmental ethics’? Why is it important to study? Discuss any one environmental issue from the viewpoint of environmental ethics.
- [UPSC MAINS 2015 GS PAPER III](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2015-gs-paper-iii/) - Q1 The nature of economic growth in India in recent times is often described as a jobless growth. Do you agree with this view? Give arguments in favour of your
- [UPSC MAINS 2015 GS PAPER II](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2015-gs-paper-ii/) - Q1Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizen a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive Principles of State Polic
- [UPSC MAINS 2016 GS PAPER IV](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2016-gs-paper-iv/) - Q1(a) Explain how ethics contributes to social and human well-being. (b) Why should impartiality and non-partisanship be considered as foundational values in
- [UPSC MAINS 2016 GS PAPER III](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2016-gs-paper-iii/) - Q1 . How globalization has led to the reduction of employment in the formal sector of the Indian economy? Is increased informalization detrimental to the development
- [UPSC MAINS 2016 GS PAPER II](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2016-gs-paper-ii/) - Q1 . Discuss the essentials of the 69th Constitutional Amendment Act and anomalies, if any, that have led to recent reported conflicts between the elected
- [UPSC MAINS 2016 GS PAPER I](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2016-gs-paper-i/) - Q1 . Early Buddhist Stupa-art, while depicting folk motifs and narratives, successfully expounds Buddhist ideals. Elucidate. Q2 . Krishnadeva Raya, the king
- [UPSC MAINS 2017 GS PAPER IV](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2017-gs-paper-iv/) - Q1. Conflict of interest in the public sector arises when (a) official duties, (b) public interest, and (c) personal interest are taking priority one above the
- [UPSC MAINS 2017 GS PAPER III](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2017-gs-paper-iii/) - Q1.Among several factors for India’s potential growth, savings rate is the most effective one. Do you agree? What are the other factors available for growth
- [UPSC MAINS 2017 GS PAPER II](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2017-gs-paper-ii/) - Q1 . “The local self government system in India has not proved to be effective instrument of governance”. Critically examine the statement and give your views
- [UPSC MAINS 2017 GS PAPER I](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2017-gs-paper-i/) - Q1. How do you justify the view that the level of excellence of the Gupta numismatic art is not at all noticeable in later times? Q2.Clarify how mid-eighteenth
- [ATAL INNOVATION MISSION](https://fotisedu.com/atal-innovation-mission/) - Atal Innovation Mission is set up under the: UPSC 2019 (a) Department of Science and Technology (b) Ministry of Labour and Employment (c) NITI Aayog .....
- [Article 355 - Justification and Court verdicts](https://fotisedu.com/article-355-justification-and-court-verdicts/) - Consider the following statements: 1. According to the Constitution of India, the Central Government has a duty to protect States from internal disturbances.
- [UPSC MAINS 2018 GS PAPER IV](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2018-gs-paper-iv/) - 1(a)State the three basic values, universal in nature, in the context of civil services and bring out their importance.1(b)Distinguish between “Code of ethics”
- [UPSC MAINS 2018 GS PAPER III](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2018-gs-paper-iii/) - Q1. “Access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy is the sine qua non to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)”.Comment on the progress
- [UPSC MAINS 2018 GS PAPER II](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2018-gs-paper-ii/) - Q1 . In the light of recent controversy regarding the use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVM), what are the challenges before the Election Commission of India
- [UPSC MAINS 2018 GS PAPER I](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2018-gs-paper-i/) - Q1 . Safeguarding the Indian art heritage is the need of the moment. Comment (10) Q2 . Assess the importance of the accounts of the Chinese and Arab travellers
- [UPSC MAINS 2019 GS PAPER IV](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2019-gs-paper-iv/) - 1.(a) What are the basic principles of public life? Illustrate any three of these with suitable examples.1.(b) What do you understand by the term ‘public
- [UPSC MAINS 2019 GS PAPER III](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2019-gs-paper-iii/) - Q1 . Enumerate the indirect taxes which have been subsumed in the goods and services tax (GST) in India. Also, comment on the revenue implications of the GST
- [UPSC MAINS 2019 GS PAPER II](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2019-gs-paper-ii/) - Q1. Do you think that constitution of India does not accept principle of strict separation of powers rather it is based on the principle of ‘checks and balance?
- [UPSC MAINS 2019 GS PAPER I](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2019-gs-paper-i/) - Q1.Highlight the Central Asian and Greco Bactrian elements in the Gandhara art. Q2 . The 1857 uprising was the culmination of the recurrent, big and small local
- [UPSC MAINS 2020 GS PAPER IV](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2020-gs-paper-iv/) - 1(a) Discuss the role of ethics and values in enhancing the following three major components of Comprehensive National Power (CNP) viz. human capital, soft
- [UPSC MAINS 2020 GS PAPER III](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2020-gs-paper-iii/) - Q1.Explain intra-generational and inter-generational issues of equity from the perspective of inclusive growth and sustainable development. Q2 .Define potential
- [UPSC MAINS 2020 GS PAPER II](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2020-gs-paper-ii/) - Q1 . “There is a need for simplification of procedure for disqualification of persons found guilty of corrupt practices under the Representation of peoples Act”
- [Does urbanization lead to more segregation of the poor in Indian metropolises?](https://fotisedu.com/does-urbanization-lead-to-more-segregation-of-the-poor-in-indian-metropolises/) - QUES . Does urbanization lead to more segregation and/or marginalization of the poor in Indian metropolises? UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I, 250 words, 15 Marks
- [India : a net food importer in 1960s, now a net food exporter to the world](https://fotisedu.com/india-a-net-food-importer-in-1960s-now-a-net-food-exporter-to-the-world/) - QUES . From being a net food importer in the 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons. UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I,
- [Resource potentials of the long coastline of India](https://fotisedu.com/resource-potentials-of-the-long-coastline-of-india/) - QUES.Comment on the resource potentials of the long coastline of India and highlight the status of natural hazard preparedness in these areas.UPSC 2023 GS MAINS
- [Marriage as a sacrament is loosing its value in Modern India](https://fotisedu.com/marriage-as-a-sacrament-is-loosing-its-value-in-modern-india/) - QUES . Do you think marriage as a sacrament is loosing its value in Modern India? UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I, 150 words, 10 Marks
- [Suicide among young women in Indian society](https://fotisedu.com/suicide-among-young-women-in-indian-society/) - QUES . Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian Society. UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I, 150 words, 10 Marks .
- [Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones](https://fotisedu.com/child-cuddling-is-now-being-replaced-by-mobile-phones/) - QUES . Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones. Discuss its impact on the socialization of children. UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I, 150 words, 10
- [Role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India](https://fotisedu.com/role-of-geographical-factors-towards-the-development-of-ancient-india/) - Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India. UPSC 2023 GS MAINS PAPER I , 150 words, 10 Marks
- [UPSC MAINS 2021 GS PAPER IV](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2021-gs-paper-iv/) - Q1. (a) Identify five ethical traits on which one can plot the performance of a civil servant. Justify their inclusion in the matrix. (Answer in 150 words) 10
- [UPSC MAINS 2021 GS PAPER III](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2021-gs-paper-iii/) - Q1. Explain the difference between the computing methodology of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) before the year 2015 and after the year 2015.
- [UPSC MAINS 2021 GS PAPER II](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2021-gs-paper-ii/) - Q1.‘Constitutional Morality’ is rooted in the Constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets.Explain the doctrine of ‘Constitutional Morality’ with
- [UPSC MAINS 2021 GS PAPER I](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2021-gs-paper-i/) - Q1. Evaluate the nature of the Bhakti Literature and its contribution to Indian culture.(Answer in 150 words)10 Q2.Trace the rise and growth of socio-religious
- [UPSC MAINS 2022 GS PAPER IV](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2022-gs-paper-iv/) - Q1(a) Wisdom lies in knowing what to reckon with and what to overlook. An officer being engrossed with the periphery ignoring the core issues before him is not
- [UPSC MAINS 2022 GS PAPER III](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2022-gs-paper-iii/) - Q1Why is Public Private Partnership (PPP) required in Infrastructural projects? Examine the role of PPP model in the redevelopment of Railway Stations in India
- [UPSC MAINS 2022 GS PAPER II](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2022-gs-paper-ii/) - Q1. The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court. Discuss this statement with
- [UPSC MAINS 2022 GS PAPER I](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2022-gs-paper-i/) - Q1. How will you explain that medieval Indian temple sculptures represent the social life of those days? (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark Q2. Why did the armies
- [UPSC MAINS 2023 GS PAPER IV](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2023-gs-paper-iv/) - Q1 (a) What do you understand by ‘moral integrity’ and ‘professional efficiency’ in the context of corporate governance in India? Illustrate with suitable
- [UPSC MAINS 2023 GS PAPER III](https://fotisedu.com/upsc-mains-2023-gs-paper-iii/) - Q1:Faster economic growth requires increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDP, particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the government
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- ['Bouncing' comets may carry seed of life - study](https://fotisedu.com/bouncing-comets-may-carry-seed-of-life-study/) - The earliest known fossils on Earth date from 3.5 billion years ago. For the first billion years of Earth’s existence, the formation of life was prevented by a f
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- [Current Through MCQs – CTM – 36](https://fotisedu.com/current-through-mcqs-ctm-36/) - Jamrani Dam Multipurpose Project; Intelligence Bureau (IB); measures to lower Public Debt in India; Article 142; India's interest in the South China Sea
- [Current Through MCQs – CTM – 35](https://fotisedu.com/current-through-mcqs-ctm-35/) - Low Earth Orbit (LEO); methods commonly utilised for tax evasion; Public Debt in India; South China Sea; United Nations Forum on Forests
- [Current Through MCQs – CTM – 34](https://fotisedu.com/current-through-mcqs-ctm-34/) - Vikram-1 rocket; Which among the following countries border the South China Sea? PRAGATI Platform; reasons for tax evasion; Public Debt in India
- [Current Through MCQs – CTM – 33](https://fotisedu.com/current-through-mcqs-ctm-33/) - Simlipal Tiger Res;Navtej Johar(2018) ;K.S. Puttaswamy(2017);Robotic Process Automation;Zoonotic diseases;Electricity Grids and Secure Energy Transitions report
- [Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) – signatories and legal status](https://fotisedu.com/comprehensive-nuclear-test-ban-treaty-ctbt-signatories-and-legal-status/) - What is CTBT?What is India's stand on CTBT?What is Preparatory Commission for CTBTO?What is legal status of CTBT?Which countries have signed and ratified CTBT?
- [Current Through MCQs – CTM – 32](https://fotisedu.com/current-through-mcqs-ctm-32/) - Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Kerala accounts for 98% production of palm oil; Climate Teleconnections; Muthuvan tribe; Marsquake; World Health Summit (WHS)
- [Current Through MCQs – CTM – 31](https://fotisedu.com/current-through-mcqs-ctm-31/) - National Mission on Edible Oil-Oil Palm (NMEO-OP); bamboo; supernova; Ethics committee; Marshall Islands; Marshall Islands Capital is Majuro
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- [Current Through MCQs – CTM – 30](https://fotisedu.com/current-through-mcqs-ctm-30/) - Stock split; Hailstorms; Sinai Peninsula; Geographical Indications; Jaderi namakatti ; Fast Radio Bursts; Sinai is inhabited by Arab Egyptians and Bedouins.
- [Current Through MCQs – CTM – 29](https://fotisedu.com/current-through-mcqs-ctm-29/) - Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA); Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP); India’s AI ecosystem; NAMASTE portal and AHIMS; Avian Influenza
- [Current Through MCQs – CTM – 28](https://fotisedu.com/current-through-mcqs-ctm-28/) - State of Global Water Resources 2022 report;Nilgiri Tahr;CAR-T Cell Therapy; Green Credit Program; UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR)
- [Current Through MCQs – CTM – 27](https://fotisedu.com/current-through-mcqs-ctm-27/) - White Phosphorus; Technologies under Intelligent Transportation System; Goan cashew GI tag; Global Girlhood Report 2023 ; Global Methane Pledge;Gobar Dhan sch.
- [Current Through MCQs – CTM – 26](https://fotisedu.com/current-through-mcqs-ctm-26/) - Global Hunger Index, 2023; Belt and Road Initiative (BRI); Transfer of High Court (HC) judges; Setu Bandhan Scheme; Niobium
- [Current Through MCQs – CTM – 25](https://fotisedu.com/current-through-mcqs-ctm-25/) - Gaza Strip; Dancing frogs; Baiga Tribe; Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs); White goods and Brown goods; Lakhpati Didi Initiative
- [Current Through MCQs – CTM – 24](https://fotisedu.com/current-through-mcqs-ctm-24/) - Mount Kun;Travel for LiFE (Lifestyle of the Planet, for the Planet, and by the Planet); Nobel Prize in Economics for 2023; Yom Kippur War;Curative Petition
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- [PTM INDIAN POLITY TEST – 11](https://fotisedu.com/ptm-indian-polity-test-11/) - Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012; Representation of People’s act, 1951; National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT)
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